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Gas Discharge Tube Arresters (GDT) are widely used in electrical power systems, principally for the protection of electrical equipment against overvoltage caused by lightning or contamination of power lines. They are particularly suited for long-distance transmission lines, where the waves generated by lightning strikes may propagate along the transmission line over long distances causing significant overvoltage.

As the name suggests, GDTs make use of a gas-filled internal chamber, typically containing a gas such as Argon, Xenon, Nitrogen or Fluorine, and a series of electrodes. When an overvoltage is applied across the GDT, the gas inside will begin to ionise and create a conductive path between the electrodes. This conductive path allows for the current to be diverted away from the protected line and ultimately dissipated harmlessly, thus reducing the peak overvoltage.

These GDTs are available in various shapes and forms, depending on the requirements of the application. For example, in the case of long-distance transmission lines, GDTs designed as a surface-mounted device or with a large external capacitance are typically used. This configuration serves to act as a low-pass filter, effectively limiting the maximum voltage seen at the end of the transmission line. On the other hand, for short-distance lines, GDTs with lower capacitance may be used.

In addition to controlling the flow of current through a power line, GDTs can also be used to detect and measure electrical events, such as capacitor switching or lightning strikes. This is achieved by incorporating special sensing electrodes onto the internal gas chamber, which are designed to detect and react to electrical events. The use of these electrodes allows the GDT to act as a protection as well as a monitoring device, providing valuable real-time information about the power system status.

Even though GDTs have become a popular choice for power protection, their use should not be considered as an all-purpose solution. The optimal protection of a power system should be achieved through the use of comprehensive, multi-level protection strategies that incorporate different types of surge protection devices as well as various levels of protection.

In conclusion, Gas Discharge Tube Arresters (GDTs) offer an efficient means for providing protection to power systems from overvoltage caused by lightning or other sources of contamination. Their ability to detect electrical events in addition to providing protection makes them a valuable addition to the toolbox of protection strategies, however, GDTs should not be considered as an all-purpose solution and should be used in conjunction with other protection strategies.

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