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Common Mode Chokes (CM choke) are electromagnetically coupled inductors used to control the flow of electric currents and to provide common mode filtering of electromagnetic interference. The CM chokes use a combination of inductors that are electrically insulated from each other to create a higher inductance value. Typically, these are constructed using two separate windings that are wound in opposite directions, and each with their own core.

The CM choke has several application fields and working principles. The most common application is to reduce common noise, like conducted interference, from motor drives, inverters, and other high-frequency circuits. This is typically done with an inductor or a combination of two inductors. The inductors create a high impedance path for the EMI, so that it does not reach the desired circuit. The CM choke also helps reduce radio-frequency interference from entering the circuits. For this application, a high-frequency transformer is typically used to block the high-frequency flux.

Another important application of the CM choke is for the power line filtering. The power supply enters the circuit with alternating current, which is prone to disturbances due to noise from other components of the system. The CM choke is therefore used to help reduce the levels of noise entering the system. The CM choke also helps reduce the high frequency and transient noise from the power supply.

In addition to the industry applications, CM chokes are also important in the automotive industry. They help reduce both electromagnetic and radio frequency interference (EMI/RFI) in the engine, and also provide electrical harnesses and cables with noise-free power supply. The CM choke is also used to reduce noise in telecommunications systems. The CM choke helps to provide a low-resistance path, allowing the data signals to pass more efficiently through the system.

The CM choke can be implemented in different ways depending on the application. Typically, wound core, line filter, inductive filter, flyback transformer, pulse transformer, and shunt inductor are used for various applications. The design of the CM choke plays an important factor in determining the total number of windings, the type of core material used, and the overall inductance value.

The CM choke consists of several basic components. These include the primary and secondary windings, the core, the security capacitor, and the transformer taps. The transformer taps allow the user to adjust the impedance of the winding by adjusting the number of turns and the core material. The core material is typically made from iron, steel, ceramic, or other materials, depending on the application.

The security capacitor provides additional safety to protect against over-voltage potentials, and also helps reduce the leakage current through the inductor. The primary and secondary windings are usually wound in uni-directional order to create a high inductance value and reduce the leakage current.

CM chokes are commonly used in the power electronics industry, in consumer electronics, telecommunications, automotive, and many other industries. CM chokes provide the ability to filter high-frequency noise, reduce voltage spikes, and also provide noise free power to the circuits. They are an integral part of any system and should be designed with the application in mind.

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