MAL203690027E3

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Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are composed of three parts: an electrolyte, an anode foil, and a metallic, porous, conductive cathode foil. The anode and cathode foils are usually made of aluminum or of other light weight, highly conductive materials. An electrolyte is a special liquid or paste, usually made from an acidic combination of water and chemicals, which functions as an ionic bridge between the two electrodes.

MAL203690027E3 Application Field and Working Principle

One of the common uses of aluminum electrolytic capacitors is for power supplies and other noise-filtering applications. These capacitors are also used in industrial robots and motor control systems. In general, they are used to store energy or to capacitively couple signals between circuits. In many applications, MAL203690027E3 aluminum electrolytic capacitors are used for their high capacitance (over 2,000 farads) and relatively low cost.

The working principle of aluminum electrolytic capacitors is relatively simple. A voltage is applied between the two electrodes, which are separated by a layer of dielectric material, commonly a liquid or paste. This causes a charge to be stored between the two electrodes, resulting in an electrical capacity. The capacitance of aluminum electrolytic capacitors depends on the size of the dielectric layer and the concentration of the electrolyte. The higher the concentration of electrolyte, the greater the capacitance.

The advantages of aluminum electrolytic capacitors over other types of capacitors include their small size, low cost, long service life, and low leakage. These types of capacitors have the highest capacitance, but can handle much less voltage than other types of capacitors. They also require a large amount of space in an assembly, and the cost of these capacitors can be relatively high.

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are available in a variety of sizes, with both radial and axial lead types. Radial lead type capacitors are offered in two types: snap-in and chassis mount. Snap-in capacitors offer the greatest ease of installation, while chassis mount capacitors offer better thermal performance. The maximum working temperature range for aluminum electrolytic capacitors varies between -40°C and +85°C.

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors can be used in many different types of applications. Some examples include LED lighting, level shifters, converters, audio, instrumentation, and military applications. They have also been used in medical device design, AC and DC motor drives, and other high frequency power electronics.

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are an essential component in power supplies, motors, robotics, and many other electrically-sensitive systems. They provide an economical choice for engineers who need to provide reliable capacitance without impacting cost or reducing reliability. Engineers should be familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of aluminum electrolytic capacitors before selecting them for their power supply, motor, or other electronic application.

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