NJM78M05FA

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NJM78M05FA Application Field and Working Principle

NJM78M05FA is a linear voltage regulator that falls under the category of power management integrated circuits (PMIC) in the electronics industry. It is commonly used in applications such as Motor Drive, Home Applications, Computer Peripherals, Personal Electronics, Consumer Electronics, and Industrial Equipment. The linear regulator works by first taking the input voltage and then producing an output voltage that is the same as the input voltage, but with a threshold implemented to control how much voltage passes through.

Key Features of the NJM78M05FA

The NJM78M05FA\'s key features include a max output current of 2A, a voltage range from 1.2V to 8V, and a max quiescent current of 55μA. It also has protection features such as Output short-circuit protection, Thermal shutdown, and Over-temperature protection. It is designed to provide a stable voltage output, with very low noise and ripple, and high reliability and accuracy. Furthermore, it has a fast transient response, a wide operating temperature range (-40℃ to +125℃) and an extremely low external parts. This makes it an ideal solution for low-noise and low-voltage applications.

Basic Working Principle of the NJM78M05FA

The linear regulator works by taking the input voltage, comparing it to a reference voltage, and then producing an output voltage that is the same as the input voltage, but with a threshold implemented to control how much voltage passes through. The NJM78M05FA is a linear regulator with a fixed output voltage, meaning it will output the same voltage whether the input voltage is higher or lower than the output voltage. This is opposed to switching regulators, which will adjust the output voltage depending on the input voltage (and in turn protect the system from over-voltage and low-voltage issues).

The NJM78M05FA has a feedback mechanism that continuously monitors the output voltage by comparing it to a reference voltage. If there is any change in the output voltage, the difference is integrated directly into a current that is then output back to the voltage regulator (treated as an error voltage). This feedback mechanism ensures that the output voltage remains constant, and corrects any over-voltage or under-voltage issues automatically.

Rectification of the Input Voltage

Once the input voltage has been rectified, it is then channeled to the base of an NPN transistor to pass through it. This transforms the voltage from an alternating current (AC) to a direct current (DC) voltage. This eliminated any high frequency AC ripple, or noise present in the input voltage. This rectified voltage is then further filtered by passing it through two caps, before finally arriving at the regulating (or error) amplifier.

Regulating or Error Amplifier

The regulating amplifier acts as the brains of the linear regulator as it compares the output voltage with the reference voltage and produces an error voltage. This error voltage is then sent back to the power transistor, which adjusts its collector current accordingly to rectify any over-voltage or under-voltage issues.

Output Limiting Circuit

The linear regulator also has an additional output limiting circuit, which acts as a safety measure to protect the system if the regulated voltage exceeds the maximum output voltage. This output limiting circuit will reduce the collector current of the power transistor in order to reduce the output voltage, and thus protect the system from over-voltage.

Advantages of the NJM78M05FA

The NJM78M05FA offers a number of advantages, including a wide operating temperature range (-40°C to +125°C), low noise and ripple, a fast transient response, and excellent protection features. Furthermore, it is highly reliable and accurate, with very low external parts, making it an ideal solution for low-noise and low-voltage applications.

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