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TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor), Varistors (Voltage Dependent Resistor) and MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor) are essential components of the power supply system in modern electronic equipment to protect components from damage due to surges and transients. It is thus important to understand the application field and working principle of these components.

TVS

TVS is usually called transient voltage suppressor, and it is a three-terminal special-purpose semiconductor component specifically designed to defensively absorb short-duration overvoltage transients. It can prevent sudden high surge voltage and redirect current quickly to ground, thereby protecting a voltage-sensitive device from the surge. A wide variety of TVS types are available to protect against different levels of surges or destructive ESD transients. TVS can withstand peak voltage up to 1000 V or more, and can also safely handle up to 500 W of power.

Varistors

Varistors, also known as voltage-dependent resistors, are three-terminal electrical components with a variable resistance. These devices are designed to protect a circuit from overvoltage surges by providing a resistive path for the excess energy, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the circuit. Varistors can be found in a wide variety of applications, such as AC/DC power systems, signal circuits, and telecom systems. Their main benefit is that they can shunt excessive transient voltages away from sensitive components, thereby preventing catastrophic damage. Varistors generally have a clamping voltage of 70 to 200 V ACRMS or up to 800 V ACRMS.

MOVs

Metal-oxide varistors (MOVs) are three-terminal solid-state components designed to protect circuits from overvoltage transients. They are based on a resistor-based principle, which rely on the surface-mountable metal oxide material that offers an impedance that varies with voltage. MOVs provide a resistive path to ground for voltage spikes that exceed the specified breakdown voltage, thereby protecting the connected components from hazardous overvoltage surges. In addition, MOVs can also protect components from high-frequency noise and EMI. MOVs can typically withstand a peak voltage of up to 500 V AC/DC or more.

Conclusion

TVS, Varistors, and MOVs are essential components in the power supply system of modern electronic equipment to protect components from overvoltage surges and transients. TVS is designed to absorb short-duration overvoltage transients, while Varistors and MOVs can provide a resistive path for the excess energy to ground. With their reliable protection, these components are able to safely operate and protect against catastrophic damage to the connected components.

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