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FLAT FLEX, RIBBON JUMPER CABLES

APPLICATION FIELD AND WORKING PRINCIPLE

Flat flex or Ribbon jumper cables are applied in all aspects of electronics, particularly where space is a limiting factor. There are two types: unflanged or flanged, while either can be used for any particular application and function. Examples of applications requiring flat flex or ribbon cable are shown in Figure 1. These include the connection of two printed circuit boards, CCD cameras, and connections between backplanes.

Flat flex cables not only save space by enabling frequent board-to-board communication, but also make the engineering process faster. When CCD cameras are used, ultra-thin and flexible flat flex cables can be used to replace bulky co-axial cables. The maximum length of each flat flex cable should not exceed 4m and flexible approach is suggested for some long cables in order to decrease the transmission line\'s inductance and capacitance.

Flat Flex Working Principle

Flat flex cables are structured with dielectric layers and conductive layers. A single-parallel line formed on the dielectric substrate is used to provide the electrical connection, which is referred to as ‘Signal Trace’ in this note. Signals signals are split and merged via signal traces set up between adjacent conductors of the dielectric layer.

The dielectric layer acts as a barrier to prevent the signal from being transferred between conductors, thus reducing cross interference. In addition, the signal traces, the conductor and the dielectric layer should be designed properly to reduce internal impedance of the cable and prevent external interference from entering. Interference is reduced by the signal traces, which contain a network of inductors and capacitors.

Conductors from the two sides of the signal trace form a single deck-like structure, which is the layer for the conductive layer. Even though the signal traces cannot be connected directly, the positional relationship between them can easily be determined. This structure is known as \'Flat Flex\' for that reason.

Ribbon Jumper Cables Working Principle

Ribbon jumper cables are constructed with multiple conductors and enclosed in a dielectric material, which helps keep interference out. The conductors have a flat geometry, which aids in making connections and avoiding crossing, though this is not required. Ribbon jumper cables are typically used to jumper between two PCBs. This allows for the signal to be moved from one board to the next. Ribbon jumper cables are available in an array of sizes, from 0.3 mm to 0.9 mm conductors.

A Ribbon jumper cable is composed of multi-conductor cable where all the conductors run in parallel and are parallel to each other. The dielectric material encapsulates the conductors, providing an electrical insulation between the conductors. The insulation is key for the control of energetic radiation as well as protection from electromagnetic interference. The flat profile of the conductors also allows for them to be placed on the surface of the PCBs and still maintain electrical connectivity.

In a working system, the Ribbon jumper cables provide interconnections among multiple devices. The cables allow for the electrical signal to transition from a device to another rather than having to have long wires running between devices. This decreases the amount of space needed on the PCB for the connections and eliminates the need for additional PCBs to accommodate the physical connections.

Flat flex and Ribbon jumper cables are essential components for successful interconnections in the electronics industry. They not only save space, but also make the engineering process faster. As signal speeds increase, the size of these cables also need to be minimized, and mechanical rigidity should also be taken into consideration to ensure signal integrity. As technology advancements in the electronics industry, flat flex and Ribbon jumper cables continue to be applied in new ways.

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