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Sockets for ICs, transistors, and other electronic components are essential for creating complex electronic circuits. While some circuits may be designed using wire connections, sockets provide a simpler, more reliable and cost-effective solution. This article will explain the theory behind socket connections, and discuss the technical and design aspects common to all types of socket applications.

Socket Types

Sockets can be loose or tightly integrated to the application that they serve. As a general rule, loose sockets are designed to hold electronic components during the assembly process. Tightly integrated sockets are designed to connect directly to the circuit boards. The most common socket type is the edge-connector socket, which acts as an interface between the IC and the board. These sockets are typically found in microcontroller projects, as they allow the user to easily exchange different processors and memory chips. Socket configurations are also available for surface-mount components, but they are usually much more expensive than through-hole connectors.

Electrical Connections

A socket is essentially a connector that makes an electrical connection between two components. This connection is typically made by making contact between the pins on the components and the edges of the socket. Types of connections used in sockets include:

• Spiking: Conductive pins are spiked into the board and the component is mounted on top of them.
• Spring-loaded: The component is held in place with a spring to create an electrical connection.
• Wire-wrapping: Conductive pins are soldered to the board and a wrapping of wire is used to make connections between the pins.
• Tinning: Tinned metal strips are used to make connections between components.

Socket Material

The material used for sockets varies greatly depending on the type and application. For example, a socket made to hold a chip resistor will require a softer material, such as plastic, which allows the resistor to be easily pressed in or out. On the other hand, a socket designed to hold a processor will require a harder material, such as aluminum, which can handle the greater forces applied by the processor. The most important criteria, however, is that the socket must be able to withstand the temperatures generated by the component being attached.

Socket Design Considerations

When designing a socket, several important considerations must be taken into account. These include:

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