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Sockets for ICs, Transistors are a generic method of connecting integrated circuits and transistors to a printed circuit board, test system or application. They enable the removal and replacement of the individual chips or transistors, and at the same time, provide reliable mechanical and electrical connection between the PCB and devices.

In their simplest form, sockets for ICs, transistors, and other components are constructed from a combination of plastic body and contact components. In advanced designs the contact components may be embedded in a plastic body or contact assembly. The basic functionality is to maintain a correct contact between the circuit board and the component under test. In combination with the appropriate test head, this ensures that correct electrical and thermal contact is established and that the component\'s performance remains repeatable.

The most standard form of Sockets for ICs, Transistors is the Zero-Insertion-Force (ZIF) socket, which features a spring-loaded lever which, when pushed down, clamps the chip into the socket contact. The ZIF socket type comes in various pin counts - from as low as 8 pins to as high as 168 pins. Some designs feature a secondary locking latch for additional security when the chip or transistor is installed.

Another type of Socket for ICs, Transistors includes the Dual-In-Line (DIL) socket, which provides two rows of contact pins in parallel with respect to the circuit board surface. The two rows are spaced such that the component legs fit tightly in between them, ensuring a secure, accurate positioning. DIL sockets are available in various sizes, including 8, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, and 40 pins.

Stacking sockets are another type of Socket for ICs, Transistors. They are conventionally used for mounting integrated circuits in multilayer boards. This socket type is also suitable for the direct mounting of DIL components without a bracket. Both single and dual row types are available, with and without the facility to adjust the contact force using a screwdriver.

Sockets for ICs, Transistors can also be constructed for edge card application. An example of this type is the pitchless card edge receiver, which combines the card edge contact and socket body into a single component. This design saves time in mounting the component into the board, and simplifies the end product.

A further type of socket for ICs, Transistors is the tested contact socket. These functions in the same way as the other socket types, except the gold plated contacts are electrically tested to contain no more than two points of contact resistance. This ensures consistent test results, and improved contact reliability.

The various types of Socket for ICs, Transistors can be adapted to a range of applications depending on their individual features; for example, they can provide extra features such as the positioning of a groundplane or active components, or be used in combination with card edge features, card-to-board types, or single-in-line packages.

For example, the integrated active components such as capacitors and resistors used in ZIF sockets reduce the space used on the circuit board and make lamp powering more efficient. Also, the ability to combine various designs of components in a single socket gives designers the option of creating ready-made prototype circuit assemblies.

These different types of Sockets for ICs, Transistors, combined with complementary connectors and components, can simplify the design process, reduce design times, and offer improved reliability. Integrated components are also available that contain the entire switching circuit within the socket, a feature that can provide design flexibility and add complexity and sophistication to a project.

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