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Introduction

Rectangular connectors, commonly referred to as headers or male pins, are used to connect two electrical circuits. These connectors contain pins that are designed to create an electrical connection by plugging into a mating female socket or connector. Headers, male pins, and associated connectors are used in a variety of applications from high-speed communications to simple on/off systems.

Types

Headers are typically divided into two groups: shrouded and unshrouded. Shrouded types typically have plastic covers on either side of the header, providing a more secure connection and a measure of protection from environmental contaminants and foreign objects. Unshrouded headers do not have a cover to shield the pins, making them ideal for applications that require a lower profile or applications that are not exposed to a harsh environment.

Male pins, which are also known as terminal strips, are often used when space is a limiting factor, as the terminals are installed directly on the PCB (printed circuit board) and their connection made directly from the board to the component/device. These connectors are typically rated for low-current applications such as the connection of switches, motors, and LEDs.

Specifications

Headers and male pins have many design and construction features that should be considered when selecting the appropriate product for an application. These include the number of pins in the header, the placement of the holes on the header, the type and rating of the material used to make the pins, the spacing between pins, and the method of mating.

Most headers are rated for 2 – 50A. The majority of contact materials are copper or brass, with a few specialized connectors where material such as stainless steel is desired. The common pin spacing is 2.54mm (0.1in).

Applications

Headers and male pins are used in a variety of applications. These include consumer electronics, automotive systems, medical equipment, computer networking, and telecommunications.

In consumer electronics, headers and male pins are commonly used to connect user interface buttons or displays. In automotive systems, they are often used in automotive ignition systems to monitor the speed of the vehicle engine. In medical equipment, they are used to connect external devices such as blood pressure monitors and EKG machines. In computer networking and telecommunications, they are used to connect computers to routers, modems, and networks.

Working Principle

Headers and male pins work on the principle of a mechanical push-fit connection between the two components. The male and female components are connected by inserting the pins into the female component. This creates an electrical correlation for the flow of current from one component to another.

Once the components are connected, they must be secured in place with either a locking latch or a set of screws. This ensures that the connection is maintained and also helps to protect the connection from accidental disconnection.

Conclusion

Headers, male pins, and associated connectors are a versatile and essential component in many applications. They are used to create electrical connections between two components, and their various forms and features enable them to be used in a wide variety of applications. Despite the wide selection of headers and male pins available, they are all designed with the same basic principle of providing a secure and reliable connection.