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D-Sub connectors, or D-shaped connectors, are often seen in many types of electrical cabling and are used widely in the computer and telecommunications industries. The names come from the fact that they have two rows of pins arranged in a “D”-shape, hence why they are also sometimes referred to as “D-shaped connectors”. The term “D-Sub” is actually a trademark of ITT Cannon, a company that specializes in the design and production of a wide variety of connectors.
D-Sub connectors are important components of electronic devices because they allow signal and power connections to be made between components with different shapes and sizes. This facilitates the efficient transfer of energy and information between devices. The pins on a D-Sub connector can be categorized into two different types — contacts and pins. Contact pins, also called “metalized contacts”, are typically made from metal and are the portions of the connector that actually make contact with the other side of the connection. Contacts are available in various sizes and materials for different levels of power and signal transfer. 
The second type of pin is the pin contact, which is typically made from plastic. Pin contacts can vary in size and shape, depending on the type of connector being used. However, they are almost always found in pairs — one pin on one side of the connection and one pin on the other. This helps to ensure that the correct amount of current and signal is transferred between components.
The main application field of D-Sub connectors is in connecting computers, which requires connections between multiple components, such as memory, video cards, motherboards, optical drives, and more. This makes them essential for transferring information and power between multiple devices. They are also often used in less common yet nevertheless important applications such as securing cables, audio-visual equipment, security systems, alarm systems, and more.
The working principle of a D-Sub connector is fairly straightforward. The metal pins are inserted into a mating socket, and when the pins are properly inserted they make a good electrical connection with the other side of the connection. The plastic pins, in turn, serve to secure the pins into place and prevent them from being accidentally disconnected. Depending on the type of contact, additional mechanisms such as screws, nuts, or latching mechanisms may be used to ensure a secure, reliable, and lasting connection.
In summary, D-Sub connectors are an important component of many electrical systems, as they enable connections between multiple components and facilitate the transfer of both power and information. They are commonly used in computer systems, as well as in some less common applications such as securing cables and audio-visual equipment. The working principle of a D-Sub connector is fairly simple; the metal pins are inserted into a mating socket and make contact with the other side of the connection, while the plastic pins secure the connection and prevent accidental disconnection.
  

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