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Rectangular connectors are used in a variety of applications, from basic board-level to board-level interconnects, as well as in more specialized applications such as mezzanine and edge-type connectors. Among the various application fields and working principles of rectangular connectors, the following are some of the most commonly seen applications.

Board-Level Connectors

Board-level connectors, also known as board-to-board connectors, are used to link circuit board levels and are popular in a range of electronic devices, including computers, peripherals, and telecommunication systems. With these connectors designed to fit onto the printed circuit board, they also provide a complete interconnect solution for board-level applications such as backplanes, motherboards, expansion cards, and daughter boards. These connectors generally have a polarized design for easy assembly, and feature high-retention forces and reliable contact system. Some common standards include MXN, PCIe, and MiniSAS.

Mezzanine Connectors

Mezzanine connectors, also known as board-to-board interconnects, is a type of connector that offers several advantages over traditional board-level connectors. With a wide range of sizes, they are suitable for a variety of applications and offer improved signal integrity due to the use of two contacts, unlike traditional single-contact designs. These connectors also generally feature reversible orientations for ease of insertion, and can be designed with 0.8mm, 1.0mm or 1.27mm pitch, depending on the application. Common mezzanine connector standards include CompactPCI, SerialATA, VITA and VME.

Edge Connectors

Edge connectors or edge card connectors are a type of connector used in electronic devices such as computers. These connectors offer improved connection density, as they allow for the connection of more than one signal in a single loop. They are designed for high-frequency applications and come in a variety of sizes and pitches, including 0.8mm, 1.0mm, and 1.27mm, depending on the specific application. Edge connectors can generally handle up to 5A peak current or much lower current levels and usually feature two or more contact options, depending on the design. Common standards include PCIe, DDR3, and serialATA.

Working Principle of Connectors

The working principle of connectors is relatively simple: they create a continuous pathway between two separate electrical circuits. The two parts of the connector, a male and a female, interlock with each other to form the connection, allowing the transfer of signals or power between the two circuits. Connectors are usually classified according to their function, such as power, signal, or mixed, and their size, such as line cards, blade modules, or ICs. In addition, connectors can be classified according to the number of contacts they have, with single-contact connectors being the simplest form and multi-contact connectors being the most complex.

Conclusion

To summarize, rectangular connectors are a versatile, common-used solution for a variety of applications in the electronics industry, from basic board-level interconnects to specialized mezzanine and edge connectors. Their working principle is relatively straightforward, and they offer high performance and reliable contact system. Finally, these connectors are available in a variety of sizes, pitches, and contact types, depending on the application.

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