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Rectangular connectors, also known as headers, receptacles, and female sockets, are a standard type of electrical connector. They are commonly used in a wide range of applications, and their small size makes them suitable for use in tight spaces. The term "rectangular" is used to denote the shape of the connector, and can refer to either the shape of the pins or the shape of the socket.

The most common type of rectangular connectors are headers and receptacles. Headers are the pin-exposed components, while receptacles are the sockets. They are typically found connected together in order to build a connection between two electronic devices. Generally, the headers will contain pins, and the receptacles will contain holes. In addition to being connected with each other, some rectangular connectors are also connected directly to each of the devices they are used to connect.

The majority of rectangular connectors are standard-sized and accept standard insulation, allowing for interconnection between different types of equipment. The size of the pins, hole sizes, and the spacing of these components are typically standardized to ensure compatibility between different connectors. The pins and sockets may be keyed, meaning that they can only be inserted a certain way. This is done to limit the number of connections that can be made or to prevent incorrect connections.

When electrical connectors are used, two basic design considerations must be taken into account: current and voltage rating. Each connector will usually have its own current and voltage rating, which will determine the total current or voltage it can safely carry. It is also important to consider the position of the pin and socket in relation to each other, as incorrect connection may result in a short circuit.

The working principle of rectangular connectors is the same as for any other type of electrical connection. The pins on the header side are connected to the wires on the device side, which are then connected to the sockets on the receptacle side. Power is then supplied to the device, allowing signals to pass. Both the current and voltage rating must be considered, as exceeding either of these values can cause the connection to become too hot and possibly cause damage.

In conclusion, rectangular connectors are an essential component used in almost any type of electronic device or system. They provide reliable connections between devices and make it easy to add or remove components while keeping the circuit intact. Knowing the current and voltage rating, as well as the size and arrangement of pins and sockets, will allow engineers to choose the appropriate type of connector according to the application.