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Film capacitors, or film dielectric capacitors, are capacitors with a film (thin plastic film) of the dielectric material and use electrodes of metallized aluminum or zinc. The high electrical resistance of the film dielectrics make them excellent for applications that require reliable power delivery, protection against electrical noise, and performance in high temperature environments. Film capacitors have many uses in consumer electronics and industrial applications, such as automobiles, electronics design, medical imaging, and audio/video systems, among others.

The primary application field of film capacitors is AC-DC power supply applications. The metallized film has the highest capacitance at DC voltage, and hence, is used in this application. It is also used in low voltage DC discharge, as well as low frequency AC applications.

Film capacitors provide superior stability and reliability in AC circuits. The dielectric film has relatively high dielectric loss tangent (characteristic of polyethylene) and is, therefore, useful in AC circuits in which high dielectric loss is desirable. The metallized film has the highest relative electrical resistance, and hence, is useful in place of plain capacitors in critical AC circuits where high electrical resistance and low inductive reactance are important factors.

The working principle of film capacitors is based on the dielectric properties of the film material. The film acts as an insulator between two conductive plates. When voltages of opposite polarity are applied to the plates, an electric field is created between them, causing the dielectric to be polarized and induce an opposing electrostatic field. When the applied voltage surpasses the dielectric\'s breakdown voltage, the opposing electrostatic field is eliminated, and electric current can flow through the capacitor.

Film capacitors are widely used in a variety of electronic applications. The main advantages that film capacitors have over other types of capacitors are: stability, reliable power delivery, a wide range of temperature ratings, and greater accuracy compared to other types of capacitors. Film capacitors are used in applications such as power supplies, power conversion circuits, energy storage, and filtering applications.

Film capacitors are available in many different sizes and designs for multiple uses. Common types include metallized polypropylene (MPP), polycarbonate (PC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) capacitors. MPP capacitors are the most popular in AC applications, as they offer a high dielectric constant (36.2), higher breakdown voltage than PC and PP capacitors, and lower self-inductance than PC and PET capacitors. PC and PET capacitors are typically used in DC applications, although they can also be used for AC applications.

In conclusion, film capacitors have become the go-to choice for many AC-DC power supply applications due to their combination of reliability, stability, and high accuracy. The wide range of temperature ratings also makes them an attractive option in many industrial conditions. Their ability to be used in both AC and DC applications, makes them a versatile option. Overall, film capacitors are a great choice for any power supply application in need of reliable and accurate power delivery.

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