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In the context of industrial operations, connectors are devices used to make an electrical connection between two or more cables, enabling safe and reliable transmission of electrical signals in order to control an automatically operating system. Rectangular connectors pave the way for a formation of connection between both commercial and industrial applications. Headers, receptacles, and female sockets are the three types of rectangular connectors which enable connection between multiple electronic devices. This article is an attempt to outline their working principles and application fields.HeadersHeaders are the type of rectangular connectors with two rows of pins and a row of screw holes. They are used to mount and connect electrical devices such as switches, sensors, and relays to form an effective electronic system. Since headers have two rows of pins, they are considered a multi-pin type of connector. This makes them well-suited for large-scale applications such as industrial robotic devices and automated equipment in factories.The working principle of headers is quite simple, as all it requires is to align and insert the pins into the female sockets. The electrical connection is formed when the pressure between the header’s pins and the female socket’s contact surfaces are properly held together. Headers are commonly used to carry signals, and they occasionally support power and data lines.ReceptaclesReceptacles are mainly composed of a superior support, which is mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) and an inferior support, the “sleeve”, counts with several contact materials inside. They are basically used to receive and protect a connector or a header, allowing the formation of a proper electrical connection with the header’s pins, while the sleeves protect the header from any dust, mechanical pressure or moisture.The working principle of receptacles is based on a spring-loaded contact system that cleans the connection from any dust. This eliminates the need for regular maintenance that a looser connection will require. The electrical connection is formed when the header is properly aligned with the receptacle, allowing contact between the pins and the contact materials inside the receptacle, forming a low contact resistance pathway.Female SocketsFemale sockets are basically composed of a support and several contacts inside, allowing thermal and electrical connection. They provide the mating contact ends for the pins on the plug and are also connected to the printed circuit board.The working principle of female sockets is quite simple, as the pins on the plug are inserted according to the specified direction for connection. The connectors are designed in such way that the female socket’s contacts are forced towards the pins, forming an electrical and thermal pathway as well as an environmental seal. Such connections are usually used to carry signals, and they occasionally support power and data lines. All in all, rectangular connectors are an invaluable addition to industrial operations, mainly due to their wide range of applications and their reliable performance. Headers, Receptacles, and Female Sockets are the three types of rectangular connectors and their working principles and application fields have been explained in this article.

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