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D-shaped connectors, backshells and hoods are one type of electrical connectors commonly used in many applications.

The connectors are generally D-shaped with copper wire elements that are mechanically attached to the edge of the insulation. They are designed to make electrical connections and to provide mechanical support for the attachment and retention of the wires.

The connectors are widely used in a variety of industrial, automotive, and consumer applications. These applications include the transfer of power, signal, and data between two points or within an assembly. D-sub connectors are commonly used to connect peripheral devices to computers, such as network cables and USB type devices. They can also be used in industrial machinery, such as conveyor machines and robotic devices.

The backshells and hoods provide physical protection for the connectors. These are necessary for applications where the connector may be subject to environmental hazards such as: abrasion, impact, corrosion, dust, etc. The use of a backshell can seal off the rear of the plug or socket connector, providing a secure seal.

The general design of the backshells and hoods includes a protective spring that prevents the contact from short-circuiting. The backshells and hoods also offer protection against dust, water, and electromagnetic interference. The protective spring provides an additional layer of protection against mechanical shock.

The working principle of a D-sub connector is relatively simple. A mechanical connection between two connectors, or between the connector and its mating, is established by the presence of the spring-loaded contact fingers. These contact fingers are typically made from copper and have positive and negative metal contact points. As the connectors are mated, the two contact points make mechanical contact, creating an electrical connection.

The contact points are able to flex and adapt to the varying size and shape of the conductor wire or board-level connection. The contact design also works to ensure a reliable and repeatable connection between two devices.

In summary, D-sub connectors, backshells, and hoods are a reliable, versatile, and economical option when looking to make electrical connections. They are commonly used in a variety of industries for a broad range of applications. The contacts are designed to flex and form a secure connection while the backshells and hoods offer additional protection for the connectors.