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Backplane connectors are used to connect input/output devices, such as circuit boards, power supplies, and cables, to a main electronic unit, such as a computer. The type of backplane used is dependent upon the specific requirements of the system; however, 3 common categories of backplane connectors typically used are Hard Metric, Standard, and High-Speed Signal.

Backplane connectors are designed to support a range of data and electrical signals, including Speed Grade, supply current, Ethernet, LVDS, Fiber Optics, Infiniband, and SerialATA (SATA). Hard metric backplane connectors are typically used for high-end systems, where signal integrity and increased power handling capacity are critical.

Hard metric backplane connectors are designed for superior performance in terms of electrical and mechanical specifications. The connector is constructed from a single piece and has a wide array of contact arrangements, size, plating options, and finishing styles to meet design requirements. The contacts are designed with a round shape and a high crimp force, making them more robust and reliable than other types of backplane connectors. The contacts are also designed with a thicker base and increased contact area to improve signal integrity.

In terms of the sheer mechanical design, hard metric backplane connectors are superior to standard types due to their single-piece construction, which minimizes the number of pieces needed to construct them. This eliminates the possibility of interconnect failure due to the vibration and shock associated with vibration and shock tests. Furthermore, the contact positions are machined to a very precise tolerance, which allows for higher packing densities than those seen in standard backplane connectors.

In terms of the electrical performance, hard metric backplane connectors are superior to standard type connectors in terms of their current handling capacity. They are designed to handle currents up to 200A at very high frequencies, and are rated to withstand maximum voltages up to 2000V. This makes them suitable for handling high power applications, such as motor control, and power delivery systems. Furthermore, the insertion forces are designed to be extremely low, meaning that they can be engaged and disengaged several times without compromising the secure connection.

The Hard Metric backplane connector works on a two-piece principle, with one part called the plug and the other called the socket. The plug is inserted into the socket and the two pieces are held together by securing screws, which lock the two halves together. This ensures a good connection between the halves of the connector, while at the same time protecting the delicate internal contacts from damage. The socket part of the connector is usually mounted directly to the PCB, and the plug is connected by means of a cable.

In summary, the Hard Metric backplane connector is a reliable, robust, and highly-rated connector specifically designed for high-end systems and applications. It features a single-piece construction and is designed to handle high currents and voltages with minimal insertion force. Additionally, its construction ensures a secure connection and protects the internal contacts from damage.