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Rectangular connectors are a versatile and commonly used type of connection in the electronics industry. The most commonly used type of connection is the ‘header’. The pin header is named after the short metal pins on the top side of the connector.

Headers provide secure connection and electrical interface between devices and components. They are typically used for low current applications; usually between a PCB and an external device. As they are easily connected, are relatively cheap, and are considered reliable, they are ideal for adding on extension boards or for interfacing switches.

Specialty pin headers are used when more than just a basic link is needed. These are often referred to as active headers, as they have the ability to perform a variety of electrical functions, from power routing to signal transmission. This makes them ideal for both input and output signal connections.

The working principle of a pin header is relatively straightforward. The pins, made of a metal conductor, are inserted into a socket. When the socket is inserted into a mating connector, the pins make electrical contact with the corresponding pins in the mating connector. When a voltage is applied to the pins, a current is allowed to flow through them.

The pins are typically made of a spring material, so they retain their shape and flexibility after use. This makes the connection stronger when unplugging. The pins can be made of any material, depending on how much current is needed to be conducted, such as copper, bronze, brass, etc.

Specialty pin headers are usually more complex and offer a greater range of electrical functions. The most common type is the ‘active’ type, which means the pins are connected to some type of circuit or device. These are used for power routing, signal transmission, and other areas. Some examples include USB and Serial ports, as well as Ethernet connections.

Pin headers provide a reliable, economical, and secure method of connection and interfacing between electronic components. They are widely used in most applications, such as in computers, telecommunications, vehicles, military electronics, and many consumer electronic products.