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Radio frequency interference (RFI) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) have been known to cause problems in electronics systems and cause unwanted communications interference. Shielding and absorbing materials are necessary to protect a system from RFI and EMI. There are several types of materials used in RFI and EMI shielding and absorption.

The most common shielding and absorption materials used for RFI and EMI protection are metallic screens, electromagnetic shields, and absorbers. Metal screens are composed of an array of metal meshes or plates that form a barrier to RFI and EMI energy. These screens can be attached to the outside of the unit to protect it from external radiation or mounted inside of the equipment to absorb or reflect any radiation. Electromagnetic shields are typically used to absorb and disperse electromagnetic energy. They are typically made from highly conductive alloys, such as copper or aluminum, and are used to protect equipment from both internal and external sources of EMI and RFI.

Absorbers are materials that absorb electromagnetic energy, such as ferrite, rubber, or plastic. They are used in RFI and EMI shielding and absorption in order to reduce the damaging effects of radio waves and electromagnetic fields. They are usually placed in close proximity to sensitive electronic components and act as a barrier to the electromagnetic radiation coming from the environment. Absorbers are also used to reduce the amount of reflected energy in order to increase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of an electronic device.

In addition to the traditional metallic screens, electromagnetic shields, and absorbers, recent advances in technology have allowed for the use of new materials that allow for greater flexibility in shielding and absorption. Such materials include fabrics, such as Kevlar, and "high-tech" materials, such as carbon nanotubes. Kevlar fabrics are used to construct an enclosure that greatly reduces EMI and RFI. High-tech materials, such as carbon nanotubes, possess both absorbent and reflective properties, which can be used to reduce both RFI and EMI.

In addition to shielding and absorption, other technologies can be used to reduce the effects of RFI and EMI. Such technologies include filters, such as ferrite cores and RF filters, and antennae, such as dipole and monopole antennas. These technologies are typically used in addition to shielding and absorption materials and are designed to reduce the radiation from external sources before it ever reaches sensitive components.

Overall, shielding and absorption materials are essential for providing adequate protection from RFI and EMI. There are a variety of materials available for use in shielding and absorption, and recent advances in technology have allowed for the use of more innovative materials that provide increased protection and flexibility. In addition to these materials, filters and antennae can also be utilized in order to reduce the harmful effects of radio waves and electromagnetic fields.

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