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Radio frequency interference (RFI) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) are electromagnetic interference (EMI) that can interfere with the performance of electronic systems. RFI and EMI can be caused by a wide range of sources, such as antenna radiation, electrical motors, switching systems, and radio transmissions. In order to protect sensitive electronic systems from interference, shielding and absorbing materials are used.

Shielding materials reduce the intensity of electromagnetic radiation coming into the system by reflecting or absorbing the radiation, preventing it from entering the system. The most common type of shielding material is metal. Metals such as aluminum, copper, stainless steel, and brass are effective in the range of radiofrequency and electromagnetic interferences. They are good reflectors and absorbers of high frequency radiation. These metals are also the most economical shielding solutions.

Shielding materials also come in other varieties such as dielectric material and carbon-filled foam. Dielectric materials are compounds that can absorb, reflect, or refract electrical fields and most commonly used in the form of plastic sheets, rubbers, or gaskets. Compared to metals, they provide better protection against a wide range of frequencies. Carbon-filled foam is a composite material of foam and carbon particles. It is a relatively cheap and effective solution and commonly used for sealing and absorbing RF and EMI.

Absorbing materials are materials such as polymers, ceramics and nanomaterials that selectively absorb electromagnetic radiation. This prevents the electromagnetic radiation from interfering with the operation of the electronic system. Polymers are widely used in this category as they are cheap, light weight, and can be tailored to absorb specific frequencies. Ceramics are also highly effective in absorbing signals. Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene are used to absorb signals of even lower frequencies.

RFI and EMI-shielding and absorbing materials are essential components in the design and performance of electronic systems. They are used to protect electronic systems from interference, allowing them to operate at optimum performance. They are also highly cost effective solutions when compared to other shielding techniques.

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