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The concept of a Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) covers a range of devices designed to protect electronic circuits from the damaging effects of transient voltage. Varistors, also known as Variable Resistors, and Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs) are the two main types of TVS components.

Varistors are designed to provide surge protection for sensitive electronic circuits by clamping or redirecting high voltage while allowing normal operating voltage levels to continue unimpeded. These semiconductor devices are composed of a ceramic material that has a large amount of electrical resistance at low voltage levels, gradually becoming less resistive as the voltage increases. This allows them to divert high voltage or transients away from a circuit while not interfering with the normal operating voltage of the system. Varistors are commonly found in surge protection systems used in telecom and networking products to protect against incoming surges.

Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs) are another type of TVS device designed to provide surge protection. Whereas varistors rely on nonlinear properties of a ceramic material, MOVs use the nonlinear behavior of metal oxides to suppress spikes in voltage. These devices are composed of a metal oxide material along with two lead wires which form a bridge between the MOV\'s body and the circuit. MOVs often offer more effective levels of transient protection than varistors because of their much faster response time. In addition to telecom, MOVs are often used in power supplies and automotive applications.

In summary, TVS transient voltage suppressors provide a vital level of protection for sensitive electronic circuits from transient voltage or surges. Varistors are used in a wide range of telecom and networking applications while MOVs are commonly used in power supplies and automotive applications. Each device offers its own benefits and drawbacks, so it is important to consider the particular conditions of the application when selecting the right TVS component.