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TVS - Varistors, MOVs (Metal Oxide Varistors), are surge protection devices specifically designed to protect semiconductor circuits against transient overvoltage caused by lightning, inappropriate wiring or overloads. The MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor) is the most common surge protection device and it is used in applications such as power lines and cable protection. To understand varistors, it is important to understand the working principle and various application fields.

Working Principle

The most popular MOVs used for transient voltage suppression have a low resistance with a wide dynamic resistance range. TVS - Varistors or MOVs use a special material, (typically zinc oxide, ZnO), which has a reverse characteristic of a diode. A ZnO material has a negative temperature coefficient, meaning that as the temperature increases, its resistance decreases.

Under normal operation, the voltage control characteristic of the MOV is in a low resistance state. If the line voltage increases beyond a certain threshold, the electrons of the ZnO material become excited, increasing the resistance of the material and absorbing the excess voltage. This helps to ensure that the excess voltage is not handed down to sensitive electronic components.

A MOV is an effective form of surge protection because it is designed to disconnect from the circuit when the voltage level exceeds a programmed level. MOVs are self-resetting devices and will automatically reset themselves when the transient event has passed. This feature of MOVs prevents the device from being damaged due to overvoltage.

Application Field

MOVs are widely used in power electronics circuits as they are effective in suppressing transient voltage and protecting sensitive electronic components. Examples of MOV applications include: Surge protection in communication systems, protection from lightning strikes, power line overvoltage protection, transient voltage protection in automotive and aerospace applications, protection of DC motor drives, and surge protection for home appliances.

MOVs are also being increasingly used in industrial applications, such as in motors and generators, to protect motors and operators from high voltage surges. In addition, MOVs are increasingly used in lighting applications such as Automotive and Outdoor Lighting, Street Lighting, Aircraft Lighting, and Intelligent Building Lighting.

MOVs are also widely used in medical applications such as Diagnostic MRI, Ultrasound, Computed Tomography, X-Ray and Radiation Therapy, as well as in Video Imaging and Security Systems.

Conclusion

TVS - Varistors and MOVs are surge protection devices specially designed to protect semiconductor circuits against transient overvoltage caused by lightning, inappropriate wiring, or overloads. MOVs are a highly effective form of surge protection due to their low resistance range, reverse diode characteristic, and self-resetting properties. MOVs are widely used in a variety of applications, including power electronics, automotive and aerospace, medical, and industrial and lighting applications.

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