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Temperature Sensors - Thermostats - Mechanical

Temperature sensors are one of the most pervasive and important tools in the engineering toolbox. They are used in a wide variety of applications ranging from surveillance and medical monitoring to energy management and climate control. In this article, we will discuss the application field and working principle of mechanical thermostats.

Applications

Mechanical thermostats are used in a wide variety of industrial, commercial and domestic applications. They are commonly used to control temperatures in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems and electric ovens. They are also used in medical equipment, such as incubators and refrigerators, as well as in residential and industrial surveillance systems.

Mechanical thermostats are also being increasingly employed in energy-saving applications. By maintaining ideal temperatures inside buildings and other structures, energy consumption can be reduced. Furthermore, mechanical thermostats can help ensure the safety of building occupants by quickly detecting and signaling unsafe temperature conditions.

Working Principle

The controlling element of a mechanical thermostat is a bi-metal strip, which acts as an electrical switch. The bi-metal strip consists of two layers of different metals, bonded together, which expand and contract at different rates with changes in temperature. When the temperature rises, the layer made of high-temperature material expands more, making the strip bend. The bending of the strip actuates the switch and triggers the necessary reaction.

When the temperature falls, the switching effect is reversed. The bi-metal strip contracts, releasing the pressure, and the switch is deactivated. This switching process is repeated periodically and continuously as long as the temperature remains within the pre-set range of the thermostat. As a result, energy consumption is kept to a minimum and temperature is maintained within the desired range.

Also, thermostats equipped with a thermal cut-off function prevent an overheating environment. This function is triggered when the pre-set temperature increases beyond a predetermined temperature, and causes the switch to shut off; thereby preventing further overheating.

Conclusion

Mechanical thermostats are highly versatile temperature sensing and controlling instruments and are used in many different industries. Their lightweight, simple design and cost effectiveness make them cost-effective solutions for temperature control. With their wide range of applications and working principles, mechanical thermostats continue to be an integral part of many temperature sensing and controlling systems.

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