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Rectangular Connectors, or Headers and Specialty Pins, are a generic term for connectors used in applications where current or signals pass through a rectangular or square plastic or metal housing. They can be divided into two main categories: PCB mount headers, which are mounted on a printed circuit board or surface mount board, and stand alone headers, which are mounted directly on a housing or a cable.

The main application of rectangular connectors, or Headers and Specialty Pins is in switching and controlling power. Headers, or motherboard, sockets, are typically used in computers and integrated circuits to enable a connection between the system PCB (printed circuit board) and an external device. Specialty pins are often found in automotive and consumer electronics applications, such as DC motors, alternators, batteries, and RF antennas.

Headers and specialty pins are usually made from either metal or plastic, although other materials are also used depending on the application. Typically speaking, metal connectors tend to have higher current ratings, while plastic connectors tend to be cost-effective and lightweight. They are typically designed for insertion into a matching female connector, although some may also use a screw-mounting or crimp-fit method.

The design of specialty pins comes in a variety of shapes and sizes, with the two main types being Male and Female connectors. Male connectors feature several pins at one end, while female connectors feature several receptacles on the other end. These receptacles are typically arranged in a specific way, depending on their intended purpose. Specialty pins may also feature different termination methods, such as soldering, crimping, or screw-mounting, to ensure a secure fit.

The working principle of this type of connector is relatively straightforward. The male and female connectors are mated together, usually using some kind of locking mechanism, ensuring a secure fit. In the case of PCB mount connectors, this is usually accomplished using pins and sockets. When mating the two connectors, a physical connection is established, allowing signals, power, or data to be transferred from one end to the other.

In conclusion, Headers and Specialty Pins are a generic term for connectors used in applications where current or signals pass through a rectangular or square plastic or metal housing. They are used for switching and controlling power, and their design comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. Their working principle is straightforward, and their main purpose is to allow a secure connection between two electronic components.