Series:	445
Packaging:	Tape & Reel (TR)
Part Status:	Active
Type:	MHz Crystal
Frequency:	27MHz
Frequency Stability:	±30ppm
Frequency Tolerance:	±20ppm
Load Capacitance:	20pF
ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance):	40 Ohms
Operating Mode:	Fundamental
Operating Temperature:	0°C ~ 50°C
Ratings:	--
Mounting Type:	Surface Mount
Package / Case:	2-SMD, No Lead
Size / Dimension:	0.197" L x 0.126" W (5.00mm x 3.20mm)
Height - Seated (Max):	0.053" (1.35mm)

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Crystals: Application Field and Working Principle

Crystals encompass the various substances that have a regular and repeating arrangement of atoms in a three-dimensional structure, which give them unique electrical, optical, acoustic, and magnetic properties. They are often used in numerous industries and in many of the products we use every day, such as computers, televisions, telephones, and alarm systems.The electronic component known as a crystal is an oscillator that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency. The most common type of piezoelectric crystal is the quartz crystal. This type of crystal resonance has been used in the electronics industry since the early 1930s and is used in a wide variety of application fields, from understanding the nature of matter at the atomic level to controlling the output from computer and audio circuits.The basic principle of crystal oscillators is as follows: a quartz crystal is electrically excited to vibrate at its resonant frequency. The vibration of the quartz crystal generates a signal, which is then fed back to the circuit to control, amplify, and stabilize the frequency of the generated signal. This phenomenon is known as “feedback oscillation”. The frequency of the generated signal is very precise and is determined by the characteristics of the quartz crystal itself.The most common crystal for these types of oscillators is the AT or CST type, which are made of quartz and have a frequency range of 3 to 100MHz. Other types of crystals include the BT, MT, and CT crystals, which are made of ceramic and have a frequency range of 0.3 to 40MHz. There are also PZT and Dri-Cel crystals, which are made of synthetic materials and have frequency ranges of 0.3 to 100MHz.The quartz crystals used in crystal oscillators are called “cutting parameters”, which are determined by the accuracy and precision of the oscillator. To ensure that the oscillator runs at its correct frequency, a particular cut of the crystal must be used—a process known as “lapping” or “tuning”. This process involves the careful grinding, polishing, and then trimming of the crystal to produce the exact quality and accuracy required.Crystal oscillators also have other varieties, such as the temperature compensated (TCXO) and programmable (FCXO) oscillators. These types of oscillators are typically used when a stable frequency is needed over a wide temperature range or when the frequency needs to be maintained with minimal drift. In addition, clock generators and synthesizers are also used to provide the accurate and reliable frequencies needed for many applications, such as in wireless communication systems, communication satellites, and broadcast systems.The majority of quartz crystal oscillators are sold in various packages, depending on the application. These packages can range from the “through hole” style to the “surface mount” style. Depending on the application, there are also various other options and features which may be included in the package, such as the type of power supply, frequency range, frequency accuracy, frequency stability, and temperature compensation.In summary, crystals are an essential element for many applications, and the crystal oscillator is a key component in any electronic system or device. They are used to generate signals with very precise frequencies, and they also provide reliable and consistent performance over a wide temperature range. The selection of the right type and package of crystal oscillator is extremely important, as it can determine the success or failure of an electronic product.

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