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D-shaped connectors - backshells, hoods, commonly known as D-Sub connectors, are a diverse family of multi-contact electrical connectors. They are commonly used to create a secure connection point between two or more wires or components. The D-shaped design allows for a wide range of uses, from small sub-miniature single-contact designs for signal connections, to larger military-grade high-density multipins containing up to hundreds of contacts. D-Sub connectors are most commonly used in computers and other electronic devices to create a reliable connection between the motherboard and other devices.

D-Sub connectors generally consist of a molded shell, a backshell, and a number of pins that are arranged in two parallel rows, along with a mating shell. The pins are usually arranged in a triangular pattern, so that when they are inserted into the mating connector, the pins fit together to create a solid and reliable connection between the two components. In addition to the triangle pattern, many D-Sub connectors also feature two additional pins at each end of the connector, known as the staking pins, which help to keep the connector held in place when the connector is mated.

The application of D-Sub connectors are widespread, ranging from consumer electronics to industrial equipment. They are usually found in computer connections, including between a computer and a monitor, as well as between a computer and a printer. They are also commonly seen connecting external data storage devices to computers, and connecting various input devices such as a mouse or keyboard to a motherboard. D-Sub connectors are also found on many other electronic devices such as stereos, home theater systems, portable audio players, game consoles, cameras, and other consumer media devices. In addition to consumer applications, these versatile connectors are also used in a number of industrial applications, such as connecting two power sources, or providing a connection between two pieces of data-processing equipment.

The working principle behind a D-Sub connector is relatively simple. When the two mating parts are brought together, the pins on the backshell of the connector create a conductive path between the two components. The pins of the backshell contain metal which allows electricity to flow freely between the two components, while at the same time forming a waterproof seal which helps to protect the electronic components from moisture and environmental debris. The pins on the backshell are held in place by the mating shell, and the pins and their contact points are typically surrounded by an insulator to prevent short circuits.

D-Sub connectors provide a reliable, yet cost-effective solution for a wide variety of applications. With their versatile design and easy use, D-Sub connectors provide a secure connection point between two or more components. This makes them ideal for applications such as data processing equipment creation, consumer electronics connections, and industrial power sources.