9B-20.480MBBK-B

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Crystals

Crystals are most commonly used in the application field of 9B-20.480MBBK-B. This crystal is the crystalline form of quartz, which is the most abundant mineral found on the Earth\'s surface. Its unique properties render it an ideal oscillator and electromagnetic device.

Crystals are almost always used in oscillation applications. An oscillator generates an electromagnetic signal (oscillation) at a stable frequency with a certain shape and amplitude. Quartz crystals are used to stabilize the frequency and shape of the signal, allowing for its better synchronization. This is most commonly used in radios and other communication devices.

Oscillators consist of two primary components: an amplifier and a quartz crystal. The crystal acts as the resonator or stabilizer in the oscillator. It absorbs energy from the amplifier and oscillates at its resonant frequency, thus influencing the output frequency of the oscillator. In the simplest design for a quartz oscillator, the crystal is connected directly to the amplifier circuit, as in the classic analog oscillator. However, modern digital oscillators tend to use digital signal processing to stabilize the crystal.

The basic operation of a quartz crystal occurs at a single frequency, usually determined at the time of manufacture. The crystal itself is a piezoelectric material, meaning it develops a voltage when pressure is applied. This property allows it to oscillate mechanically and create an electrical signal.

The frequency at which a crystal oscillator operates is determined by the physical shape of the crystal, its mass, and the loading capacitance. To adjust the frequency of a crystal oscillator, the shape of the crystal can be changed. This is done with a vibrator motor that vibrates the crystal at the desired frequency. Different crystal shapes produce different frequency signals.

Crystals can also be engineered to operate at multiple frequencies. This is done by using a mix of materials, such as quartz and temperature compensating materials, that react differently to alternating current. The desired frequency is then selected by increasing the bias voltage applied to the crystal. This is called frequency hopping.

Another way to adjust the frequency of a crystal is by using a physical frequency divider. This is a device that divides the output signal from the crystal by a number. The frequency of the output signal is then higher or lower than the frequency of the crystal, depending on the divider used. Frequency dividers are commonly used in radio communications to change the frequency of the signal for better reception.

Quartz crystals are also used in a variety of other applications, such as high-precision timing and frequency recognition systems. They are also used in acoustic equipment, as well as vibration sensing and frequency tuning systems. Crystals are essential components of electronic devices, as they are used to control and stabilize the frequency, shape, and amplitude of electronic signals.

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