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A765KH477M0JLAE016 application field and working principle

Aluminum-polymer capacitors, sometimes called hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitors, are aluminum electrolytic capacitors with a polymer (polyethylene or polypropylene) dielectric. They offer up to 10 times the capacitance of standard electrolytic capacitors, and are therefore sometimes used as replacements for larger electrolytic capacitors for reducing the size of circuits.

Application field

The main application field for aluminum-polymer capacitors is the field of electronic high frequency stabilized power supplies. These capacitors are often used for power supply units in many appliances, for example for high frequency inverters in gas-discharge lamps. The aluminum-polymer capacitor delivers a high amount of capacitance in a very small package, which is needed in this type of application.

Due to their advantages in size, shape and leakage characteristics as well as their high capacitance-to-volume ratio they are also often used in computer motherboards and in medical equipment.

It can also be used in circuits requiring a higher ripple current than what is offered by standard aluminum electrolytic capacitors, such as the DC-to-DC converters used in power supplies and engine-driven vehicles.

Working principle

Aluminum-polymer capacitors are a combination of an electrolytic capacitor with a polarized foil and an electromagnetic polymer dielectric material. The polymer has a very high resistance, which means that the capacitor is less prone to leakage currents. The combination of the polarized foil and the polymer gives the capacitor a high capacitance-to-volume ratio and a long life span.

The working principle is the same as that of other capacitors. It stores the energy in the form of electrostatic field. When a voltage is applied, electrons are attracted to one of the electrodes, creating a negatively charged surface. At the same time, the electrons on the other side of the dielectric are repelled, creating a positively charged surface. This creates an electrostatic field which stores the electrical energy.

Advantages

The main advantages of aluminum-polymer capacitors are that they have a small size, high capacitance-to-volume ratio, high breakdown voltage, higher current capacity and higher tolerance to temperature and vibration than other types of capacitors. They also have a longer life span than other types of capacitors, which is why they are often used for applications in power supplies, engine-driven vehicles, and medical equipment.

Aluminum-polymer capacitors also have other advantages such as low leakage current and self-healing behavior. The self-healing behavior is created by the polymer material that seals any microscopic fractures that may occur during long-term use. This helps to ensure that the capacitor will continue to perform optimally for a long time.

Disadvantages

The main disadvantage of aluminum-polymer capacitors is their cost. They are more expensive than other types of capacitors, which can make them cost prohibitive for some projects. They also have a somewhat limited frequency range, which can make them unsuitable for certain applications.

In addition, aluminum-polymer capacitors have limited ripple current capability, which means that they can only tolerate low power applications. They also have limited voltage tolerance, which can affect their performance. Finally, they cannot tolerate high temperatures, so they cannot be used in high temperature applications.

Conclusion

Aluminum-polymer capacitors offer a high capacitance-to-volume ratio and long life span compared to other types of capacitors. They are often used for electronic high frequency stabilized power supplies, computer motherboards, and medical equipment due to their size, shape and leakage characteristics. However, they have a relatively high cost and limited frequency range, ripple current capability, and voltage tolerance which may limit their use.

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