B0810-2R5105-AP

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Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) and supercapacitors are similar yet distinctive power storage devices. They are sometimes referred to as "ultracapacitors", "supercaps", or "ultra-capacitors". To commoners, EDLCs and supercaps both appear as a flat rectangular device generally rated by a capacitance value and operating voltage. However, while EDLCs and supercaps are both used to store charge, the technology and functionality are far from identical.

The B0810-2R5105-AP is an example of an EDLC. It is a surface-mount aluminum electrolytic capacitor that can store a very large amount of charge in a limited space. The application field of this type of EDLC is that it can be used to bridge the gap between batteries and supercaps, for applications where high peak current, instantaneous power, or high frequency needs to be supplied. It is employed in projects such as medical equipment, security systems, military equipment, automatic test equipment, communication systems, and other applications which require the highest possible energy storage under a wide operating temperature range (typically -25°C to +105°C).

The working principle of EDLCs is based on the "double layer" effect. The double layer refers to two layers of charge that are created at the point where the electrodes of the EDLC intersect the electrolyte solution bathing the electrodes. The double layer has two components - a layer of negative ions adhering to the surface of the electrode, and a layer of positively charged ions forming the electrical double layer. The negative ions are attracted to the positive ion layer, which causes a build-up of charge between the two layers and this forms the EDLC. The EDLC then acts like a capacitor; the voltage across its terminals determines the amount of charge stored in the capacitor.

In comparison to EDLCs, Supercapacitors are a different class of power storage device, and, therefore, employ a different technology and functionality. Their primary purpose is to provide long-term storage of energy, rather than to supply instantaneous power like EDLCs do. To achieve this, supercaps rely on the electrostatic attraction of ions in an electrolyte solution, which forms a thin layer between the surfaces of two metal plates. This thin layer of charge stores the electrical charge of the capacitor, and this allows the capacitor to provide larger capacitance and operate at higher frequencies. Additionally, supercaps are not limited by low operating temperatures, as they are designed to store and deliver energy at any temperature.

The applications of supercaps range from memory backup to electrical vehicles and battery chargers, where their stellar energy storage ability come into play. As they can output high energy quickly, provide continuous power, and store energy for long periods, Supercaps form the ideal power storage device for high-powered applications such as electric vehicles, UPS systems, photovoltaic systems, and so on.

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