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Film Capacitors

application field and working principle

Film capacitors, also known as polyester film capacitors, plastic film capacitors, or polymer film capacitors, belong to the category of capacitors named after their medium. As their name suggests, they use low-loss plastic film as the medium of the capacitor.

Film capacitors come in many shapes and sizes, and their construction can vary significantly. In general, however, the structure of a film capacitor can be described as a sandwich of two or more layers. An electrical field is created between the two metal layers and the “dielectric” layers between them, which acts as a barrier between them, regulating the flow of electricity. A silicone-coated epoxy resin is used to strong the connections and to provide insulation.

Application Fields

Film Capacitors are used in a wide variety of applications. Some of the more common applications include power supplies, audio equipment, telecommunications equipment, uninterruptible power supplies, automotive electronics, and military electronics.

Working Principle

Film capacitors are one of the most commonly used capacitors. This is because of their low losses, small size and high reliability. They are passive electrical components that are used for energy storage, filtering, and signal processing. The working principle of a film capacitor is the same as that of other capacitors. Electric charge is stored on one side of the capacitor, and on the other side, electric charge of equal magnitude is separated by a dielectric layer. When a potential difference is applied across the terminals of the capacitor, electric current flows from one side to the other, creating a voltage drop across the dielectric layer.

The capacitance of a film capacitor is determined by its surface area and the dielectric constant of the material used in its construction. It is also affected by the thickness of the dielectric layer, the distance between the two metal layers, and the temperature.

Advantages of Film Capacitors

Film capacitors have many advantages over other types of capacitors. Compared to other types of capacitors, film capacitors have low ESR and ESL, as well as a low temperature coefficient, which allows them to provide reliable performance even in harsh environments. They can also handle high frequencies. Their small size also allows for compact designs, making them the ideal choice for high density power supplies and other portable equipment.

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