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Film Capacitors

Application Field and Working Principle

Film capacitors are composed of two surface electrodes placed on a base film of insulation material. They can come in different shapes and sizes ranging from very small to high voltage capacitors.

Film capacitors can be used in applications such as filtering, timing, bypassing, rectification, as well as in resonant circuits. They are also widely used in light emitting display equipment, power supply circuits, and in several other components that require high frequency compensation.

Film capacitors have been used extensively in low- and high-voltage electronic applications in recent years. Film capacitors have been developed with advanced technology and are reliable, efficient, low-loss, and low-distortion components.

The working principle of film capacitors is based on the electrostatic principle, where the dielectric material between two metal plates induces an electric field force. In this case, the film is used as the dielectric material. The film provides insulation properties by hindering current flow between the two metal plates and storing electrical energy.

When volatge is applied across the two metal plates, there is a current established through them, and this in turn causes the plates to be charged with equal and opposite charges. That charge is stored in the material dielectric. The stored electric energy is proportional to the dielectric’s capacitance.

The capacitors capacity, or "capacity density" is also related to the thickness of the dielectric film. It is determined by dividing the total capacitance by the total surface area of the two electrodes. The thicker the film, the higher the capacitance and the greater the capacity density.

Advantages of Film Capacitors

One of the main advantages of film capacitors is their high dielectric strength. This allows them to withstand much higher voltages than their ceramic and electrolytic counterparts.

Also, film capacitors have very low leakage currents and are very stable over a wide range of temperature. This makes them ideal for high voltage and/or temperature sensitive applications. In addition, their low losses result in very high power capacities in comparison to other capacitors.

In addition, film capacitors typically have narrower tolerance ranges than ceramic and electrolytic capacitors, which can improve the accuracy of an application. Also, because of the high power capacity, film capacitors are ideal for pulse applications.

Another significant benefit of film capacitors is their ability to operate at high frequencies. They have a good self-resonant frequency, which is considerably higher than ceramic and electrolytic capacitors. This means that they are suitable for use in high frequency applications.

Moreover, the cost per volume and mass are relatively low when compared to other types of capacitors. This makes them a great choice for cost-sensitive applications.

Finally, film capacitors are highly reliable and have a low failure rate. This makes them a great choice for mission-critical applications, where reliability and long-term performance are essential.

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