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Film Capacitors

A film capacitor (BFC247942754) is a type of capacitor based on using a thin plastic film as one of its components. The film is usually polypropylene, although some capacitors use polyester film. It consists of two metallic electrodes separated by an insulating layer of polymer film with capacitance sufficient for use in non-energy storage applications. This type of film capacitor is known for its stability, small size, and low cost.

Applications

Film capacitors are used in the most varied electronic applications, such as in power supplies, low-power consumer electronics, measurement and test equipment, broadcast and communications equipment, high-frequency computers, power monitors, musical instruments and radio interference suppression. Some common digital capacitors used in consumer electronics are polypropylene capacitors and polyester capacitors.

Working Principle

Film capacitors are designed to store electrical energy for a time, storing/releasing energy as required. Two metal plates (electrodes) are placed close together, separated by a thin piece of plastic film. This film is made up of microscopic fibers of plastic, including polyester or polypropylene, and when an electrical charge is applied across the metal plates. An electric field is created, causing electrons to move from the negative plate to the positive plate; this process is reversed for reverse polarity. The capacitance of a film capacitor depends upon the area of the metal plates and the distance between the plates (known as the gap or dielectric distance).

Advantages of Film Capacitors

• They are highly reliable, with an operating life of up to 50 years.
• They have a very low ESR or equivalent series resistance.
• Due to their small size, they can be placed in tight spaces.
• They have good temperature stability and fast transient response.
• Film capacitors are also known for their good power dissipation.
• The dielectric material in a film capacitor is designed to provide a high insulation resistance.
• They have a wide range of tolerances which makes them suitable for applications with strict accuracy requirements.

Disadvantages of Film Capacitors

• The lack of surface-mountable versions makes it difficult to integrate them into modern designs.
• High voltage types of film capacitors also tend to be more expensive due to their complex design.
• Film capacitors are easily damaged by excessive voltage or current.
• Due to the material used in the construction of the capacitor, they have higher equivalent series resistance (ESR) levels.

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