EHF-FD1540

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RF directional couplers are drawn from the larger class of passive microwave components referred to as hybrids. Hybrids are three or four port networks which are used to provide signal routing and impedance matching in high frequency applications. The direction coupler, which is the focus of this discussion, is particularly useful to provide a sample of an existing radio frequency (RF) signal. Directional couplers are used to measure the power of signals and can also be used as a signal tap between transmitter and receiver of a communication link. The EHF-FD1540 is just one example of a microwave component belonging to the class of RF directional couplers.

The operating frequency range of the EHF-FD1540 is 15GHz to 40GHz. It is a 4-port RF component with a low insertion loss. It features a flat-topped response with a low ripple across its operating frequency range and a low VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) of 1.7:1. The EHF-FD1540 is a compact device, measuring only 0.125" x 0.0625" x 0.0156" (0.15" with solder fin). It has an octal flange configuration which allows it to fit into integrated packages and other compact space. The device, additionally, has a wide bandwidth of 2500 MHz (15 GHz to 40 GHz).

The signal passing through the coupler is split between the input (main line) and two ports (isolation port and coupling port). On the isolation port, the signal is maintained at a certain constant level regardless of input signal power variations. The signal passing through the coupling port is reduced in level compared to the one passed to the main line and can be used as signal sample. The response of this device, as previously mentioned, is flat-topped with a low ripple across its operating frequency range.

In terms of application, the EHF-FD1540 can be used in communication systems, both terrestrial and satellite systems, within the milimeter-wave frequency bands. It is also used in electronic countermeasures, radio frequency (RF) measurement, and radar systems. The moderate power handling capability of the device; low insertion loss; and low voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.7:1 makes this device suitable for various applications. In addition, the neutralization engine feature of the EHF-FD1540 allows it to be used in civil and military aerospace avionics communication systems.

The working principle for a directional antenna relies on the radiation pattern of the antenna. Directional antennas have a narrow beam which focuses the transmitted signal in one direction. This radiation pattern is achieved by placing elements in the antenna’s array in the correct relative positions. The radiation pattern is shaped according to the electrical phase relationship between the elements in the array. This creates constructive interference in the direction in which the antenna is pointing and destructive interference in all other directions.

The antenna sends and receives directional RF energy between its main and auxiliary ports, in the form of electrical signals. The main line receives energy from the transmitter or source, and the auxiliary line feeds energy to the receiver or load, or vice-versa. The hybrid or directional coupler performs the function of coupling part of the energy from one port (or "line"), to another or to the symbolically-drawn "reflection port". This coupling action is achieved by an internal matching network, as well as an internal isolation or decoupling network, which assuages any signal cross-coupling between the ports. The device is fabricated from a silicon substrate, with layers of dielectric that form the radiation pattern to create the desired coupling between the ports.

The EHF-FD1540 is a high performance 4-port RF directional coupler that operates between 15GHz to 40GHz. It features a flat-topped response with low ripple across its operating frequency range. This device is ideal for communication and radar systems because of its moderate power handling capability and low VSWR of 1.7:1. Its compact size makes it ideal for use in integrated packages and other space-constrained systems. The EHF-FD1540 offers convenience and cost effectiveness for a variety of applications and is one of the most useful RF components for isolating or decoupling signals.

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