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The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is an important part of the signal processing chain in many systems, allowing designers to implement custom logic in hardware. This technology has been available for decades, but the development has recently accelerated, with many of the new designs relying on FPGA-based systems. In this article, we will look at the application field and working principle of FPGAs.

FPGAs are used in a wide range of applications, including communications systems, industrial automation, control systems, medical devices, and automotive electronics. They are particularly suited for designs that require high radiated emissions, as well as designs that have mixed-signal complexity. In communications applications, FPGAs are used to implement functions such as signal conditioning, modulation and demodulation, and encoding and decoding. In industrial automation, FPGAs may be used to implement state machines that control the operation of a production system.

In control systems, FPGAs are often used to perform real-time calculations and data processing, such as model predictive control and data filtering. FPGAs are also used for implementing embedded control systems that are used to manage complex systems such as wind turbines and robots. In medical devices, FPGAs are used to implement signal processing algorithms, to perform real-time data acquisition, or to implement a digital controller for a medical device.

Another important application field for FPGAs is automotive electronics. Many of the new vehicles on the market today contain FPGA-based systems that enable the car to recognize and respond to its environment. This includes systems such as adaptive cruise control, lane keeping, blind spot monitoring, and other intelligent systems. FPGAs are also used to make LED lighting systems, headlights, and infotainment systems smarter and more efficient.

The working principle of FPGAs is based on the concept of a programmable array of logic blocks. The logic blocks are interconnected with routing resources, allowing them to be interconnected in any desired configuration. To program an FPGA, a design engineer creates a model of the desired logic function in a hardware-description language such as VHDL or Verilog. The model is then compiled using a synthesis tool, which generates a configuration bitstream that can be downloaded into the FPGA. The bitstream contains the configuration information for the programmable logic blocks, the configuration of the routing resources, and the configuration of the other elements of the FPGA.

RF Evaluation and Development Kits and Boards allow developers to quickly evaluate the performance of RF components such as antennas, filters, amplifiers, and mixers. They also provide the means to develop basic systems, such as a Low-noise Blocker test bench, for prototyping and development purposes or as a basis for pre-compliance testing. These boards simplify the integration of FPGA components.

FPGAs offer a wide range of advantages over other logic-implementation methods. They are less expensive and more flexible than ASICs, and their configuration time is much shorter than with traditional gate-array technology. Their use in system development has been rapidly increasing in recent years, and they are now an important part of the signal processing chain in many systems.

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