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Electrical Specialty Fuses are unable to adequately protect against overload and short circuits, primarily due to higher potential for damage that can be caused. In order to remedy this problem, circuit breakers are designed to quickly detect and act upon overload and short circuits.

In order to complete a circuit that is protected by a circuit breaker, an appliance must be plugged into an outlet or an adapter is used. The appliance may vary depending on the job, ranging from a digital camera to a light bulb. The circuit breaker has a predetermined current rating that must not be exceeded; it is generally measured in amperage, ranging from 0.25 to 125 Amp. Therefore, as soon as an appliance is plugged in, the current rating of the circuit is established.

Once the current rating has been established, the circuitry within the circuit breaker immediately monitors any changes in the electrical current flow. If the appliance causes a current increase that is higher than the breaker’s predetermined rating, the circuit breaker senses this change and opens the circuit. The time it takes the breaker to detect the overwhelming current and open the circuit depends on the type of breaker, ranging from a millisecond for fast-acting breakers up to a few seconds for the most common ones.

When the circuit is opened, the flow of electricity is stopped immediately, protecting the electrical components from any potential damage. Once the circuit is opened, the breaker must be manually reset in order to reestablish the circuit. This is a precautionary measure to prevent potential electric fires if sparks had occurred.

The process of how a circuit breaker works can also depend upon the specific type of breaker being used. Generally both the speed of the breaker actuation and the resetting process can be varied as needed. Most commonly, thermal magnetic breakers are used due to their fast and accurate operation.

This type of breaker uses both thermal and magnetic energies to react quickly to changes in current, without taking too long. Upon detecting a large overload, the magnetic component quickly engages, opening the circuit within milliseconds, while the thermal component monitors any conditions that may require longer resetting times.

In addition, circuit breakers may also be equipped with additional features in order to provide more specific functioning. For instance, some circuit breakers may be programmed to auto-reset the circuit after a cool-down period has transpired, while others may be designed to detect more than one fault condition and shut down multiple circuits at once.

Overall, the use of circuit breakers provide an important safeguard for any circuit against possible overloads or other electrical problems. By using the proper type of breaker, it is possible to have the circuit react quickly enough to prevent damage to electrical components without failing to protect them in time.

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