0936012353

0936012353 stands for the application field and working principle of measuring instruments and is a reference to the principles on which all the measuring equipment used in the industrial world operates.The primary function of all measuring instruments is to measure time, speed, distance, angle, and pressure. The principles underlying these direct measurements must be understood before any measuring instrument can be used.

The principles of measurement and control are based on the three fundamental aspects of instruments: accuracy, precision, and reliability. Accuracy refers to how close the measured values are to their true reading. Precision, on the other hand, refers to the degree of repeatability of readings over a given duration of time. Reliability, finally, is the durability of the instrument and corresponds to its ability to withstand shock and vibration, deformation, and fatigue over a given time.

In addition to the three fundamental aspects of instruments, there are several other factors that impact the performance of measuring instruments. Temperature variations, humidity, pressure changes and other environmental factors can affect the accuracy and precision of a measuring instrument. Therefore, the instrument must be protected from such variables. In most cases, this is done by providing an enclosure to the instrument. An enclosure can take the form of a shield, box, or sheath, depending on the type of instrument in use.

Instruments such as strain gauges and load cells operate on the principle of measuring the strain in a material by applying pressure to the material and then measuring the resulting change in resistance. This type of instrument is referred to as a transducer because it converts the physical variable change into an electrical output signal. Other types of instruments use different methods, such as the use of light reflectance to measure changes in the color or intensity of light.

Pressure measurement instruments use either a direct or indirect method of measurement to measure the pressure of a system. Direct pressure measurement instruments include membrane pressure and capacitive pressure transducers. Indirect instruments use a variety of methods such as differential pressure measurement, absolute pressure measurement, pressure switch measurement, and pneumatic pressure measurement.

Flow measurement instruments measure the rate of flow in a system by using various methods such as a differential pressure sensor or an ultrasonic or laser transducer. The type of instrument used depends on the type of flow and the type of medium in which the flow is occurring.

Temperature measuring instruments measure the temperature of a system using thermistor probes, thermocouples, thermistors, thermopile sensors, and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). In addition to measuring the temperature of a system, temperature measuring instruments are also used for medical applications such as thermography and infrared scanning.

These are just a few of the common measurement instruments used in today\'s industrial world. Many other types exist, including vibration and noise measurement instruments, instruments for measuring force, velocity, and acceleration, and non-destructive testing instruments.

Understanding the application field and working principle of measuring instruments is the key to using them correctly and ensuring accurate measurements. With the right instruments and the correct principles, it is possible to accurately and reliably measure the necessary parameters for any system or process.