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Pushbutton Switches

Pushbutton switches are compact, mechanical, electrical switch instruments for enabling or disabling the operation of electrically operated machines, tools, and other devices. Pushbutton switches are most commonly used in home and office automation systems, power-supply applications, industrial machinery and medical equipment.

1.1 Application Field

Pushbutton switches are most commonly used in control panel applications that require the user to interact with certain elements on the panel, such as start and stop buttons, timers, alarms and indicators. These switches are also used in joysticks and game controllers, along with many other physical machines like elevators and cranes. The design and operating parameters of the pushbutton switch depend on the application, with various size and shape switches available for specific tasks.

Pushbutton switches are the primary control method for many electronic devices and appliances, from TVs and microwaves to vending machines and exit buttons. Pushbutton switches are also a popular choice for security systems and home automation applications, where the user needs to activate or deactivate the operation of a device. Pushbutton switches can also be used for temperature control, as many of them are temperature rated, allowing them to act as an ambient temperature switch.

2.0 Working Principle

Pushbutton switches are typically designed with a contact-type mechanism, in which electrical contacts are opened and closed by moving a metal object, such as a plunger, into position. The metal element is usually spring-loaded, which allows the switch to continue in the same position until moved by the user. When this happens, the metal element at the end of the plunger closes the contacts, allowing electric current to flow.

To prevent overload in the system, a maximum current rating is set for the switch. When the current rating is reached, the plunger is automatically released and the contacts are opened, which prevents further electric current from flowing. The contact type pushbutton switch can also be configured to provide a visible indication when an operation has been completed, such as a LED light that illuminates when the switch is in the “on” position.

Other varieties of pushbutton switches use a contactless switching concept. These incorporate a magnetic switch, which detects motion within a certain radius. When the radius is breached, the magnetic field triggers the switch, switching the power source on or off.

2.1 Wiring

Pushbutton switches are usually wired in the same manner, regardless of the application, with a black and white stranded conductor strand connecting the switch to the power supply. The black strand is typically the live (or hot) wire, while the white strand is the neutral wire. It is important to properly identify the switch as an “on/off” switch, as there are other types of pushbutton switches that have three or four terminals.

2.2 Maintenance

Pushbutton switches are relatively easy to maintain, but it’s important to keep them clean and free of dirt and grime. Doing so helps ensure that the switch is properly sealed, preventing moisture or dust from entering the contacts and causing corrosion. In addition, it is important to regularly check the condition of the contacts, as corrosion or wear may render the switch ineffective.

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