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Automation has become commonplace in the 21st century, with technology providing numerous purposes in various businesses, industries, research and everyday life. Automation, in the form of automated systems, robots and artificial intelligence, has been used to increase productivity and reduce labor costs. Its application fields and working principles have evolved in line with advances in technology.The application field of automation is vast and diverse. Automated machines are used for everything from assembly line production to manufacturing processes, shipping and logistics, data storage and retrieval, and robotics. Automation is also used in industries such as medical, automotive and aerospace, as well as for military purposes.In terms of working principles, automated systems are based on a combination of sensors, actuators, and control algorithms. Sensors measure the environment or other physical quantities, and provide the automated system with the necessary information for it to act. Actuators are used to convert this information into an action, which is typically mechanical in nature. Control algorithms take the information from the sensors and actuate the actuators as needed in order to achieve a desired result.Robotics is one area where automation is having a major effect. Robotic systems are used for activities such as production line assembly, conducting research experiments, and even for exploration of distant planets. They generally consist of a robotic arm, sensors, and computers running a control program. Robots can be either remotely controlled by a human operator, or programmed to autonomously follow a pre-defined sequence of operations.In addition to robotics, artificial intelligence is another field where automation is making a big impact. AI systems are used for activities such as natural language processing, image and video recognition, and autonomous driving. AI systems are based on algorithms that “learn” from their environment, and are able to make decisions without human intervention.Finally, automation is also being used in everyday life, such as in home automation, smart lighting, energy management, and monitoring systems. Home automation systems use sensors and actuators to automate tasks such as temperature control, lighting, and appliance control. Smart lighting systems use sensors to adjust the lights in the home in order to conserve energy and save costs. Energy management systems use data from an energy-measuring device to automatically control a building’s energy use. Monitoring systems use sensors to detect levels of pollutants in the air or water, and alert authorities when these levels go above a certain threshold.In conclusion, automation is becoming an increasingly important technology with applications in a wide range of fields. Its application field and working principles vary widely depending on the type of automation system being used. However, the common thread running through all of these systems is the use of sensors, actuators, and algorithms, to achieve a desired result.