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Laser is a kind of parallel beam with special characteristics, mainly used in life science, materials, communications, entertainment and other fields. In terms of materials science, laser can be used to make high precision machining, micro-machining and processing, and other high-precision operations. In terms of communications, laser can be used for optical fiber communication, optical communication and long-distance communication. In medical science, laser can be used for tissue repair, precise surgery, and other medical treatments. Laser is also used in the fields of defense, military, aerospace, intelligence and other fields.

The laser has a very wide application field, involving light, optical, nuclear, chemistry, biomedicine, material science, computer science, energy, defense, military and other fields. Laser has had a profound impact on almost all aspects of economic and social development, and its development and application has become the mainstream of modern advanced technologies. Moreover, lasers are frequently used in cutting, drilling, welding and other operations, making laser processing one of the most widely used applications in industry.

The working principle of laser is related to the so-called resonant cavity. The resonant cavity is composed of two doubly reflecting surfaces, in which the laser light is amplified after undergoing multiple passes, and then emitted out from one end of the resonant cavity. There are two kinds of lasers; one is the solid-state laser, in which the medium generating the laser is a solid body, such as ruby, glass, Nd:YAG, etc; the other is gas laser, the medium generating laser is a gas or a vapor, such as helium-neon, CO2, etc. For solid-state lasers, the medium is excited by electricity, and the medium can absorb the light energy inside the resonant cavity to generate laser. For gas lasers, the medium is excited by an electric spark or high voltage discharge, and the medium can absorb the energy of the collision of electrons in the electric spark or high voltage discharge to generate radiation.

The working principle of laser involves a series of physical and chemical processes, but the basic principle is that the medium inside the laser resonant cavity can be stimulated to emit laser after being exhausted by electricity or electric spark discharge. The emitted laser has good energy, wavelength and direction. This special form of laser radiation has a great many applications in life science, materials, communications, entertainment, industry and other fields, and can achieve many functions that traditional technologies cannot.