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When designing a system, it is essential to select the correct electrical connectors to ensure the functionality, reliability and safety of your end product. Not unlike many other connectors, rectangular connectors – headers, receptacles, and female sockets – have different application fields and working principles.

Headers

Headers comprise a variety of metal parts, plastic housings, and other components. The most common types of headers are typically used to terminate a circuit board and help make electrical connections between the board and the other components within the system. For applications requiring more than one connection, such as a printer, or a modem, you may need to use a header with a wide range of pins and a built-in power rail.Headers are also widely used in applications that require a large number of signal lines to be routed together, such as high-end performance vehicles, and networks. The contact spring of the header provides a reliable electrical connection.

Receptacles

Receptacles are similar to headers, but they provide a connection for incoming signals to be routed to a circuit board. Receptacles are commonly used for low power boards located in consumer products like microwaves and refrigerators. The main advantage of using a receptacle is that the connection remains secure even if a circuit board or component is removed from the system.Receptacles are typically made of plastic and feature pins that are spaced close together. The number of pins varies, but usually they range from two to ten. Receptacles are also available with more pins for more complex applications.

Female Sockets

Like receptacles, female sockets are used to make incoming connections to a circuit board. Unlike other types of connectors, female sockets can be connected without the need for any additional components, making them ideal for areas where space is at a premium. Female sockets are typically made of plastic and feature pins that are spaced close together. The number of pins varies, but usually, they range from two to forty. Female sockets are also available with more pins for more complex applications.In addition to making connections, female sockets come in various shapes, sizes, and materials that are suited to different applications. They can be designed with a wide variety of contact springs, such as pin-and-socket, above board, and conductive elastomer. The shape of the contact spring can vary from simple to complex.

Specifically, rectangular connectors – headers, receptacles, and female sockets – can be used for any number of applications requiring electrical connections. Each type of connector has different uses and different working principles, but all offer the same level of reliability and performance. With the right selection of components, system engineers can ensure that their product works as designed and meets the needs of their customers.

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