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1553(ARINC-1553) is an aerospace standard communication protocol created by ARINC Inc. that is used by civil and military aircraft systems. It is a form of multiplex communication which employs two-way communication between a computer (bus controller) and many remote-terminal nodes. It covers the ground cable materials, connectors and matching equipment, physical layer of the avionics digital databuses and the protocol of avionics digital databus. 1553 is the most widely used data bus in aerospace, but this technology is also being used in other applications such as military ground vehicle, shipboard systems and more.

1553 can be used in two different topologies. In an interconnected system (interconnect bus), the bus controller is connected to each of the remote terminals through a single cable. The remote terminals can communicate with one another, as well as with the bus controller. The second topology is a multi-point bus (multipoint bus), where the bus controller is connected to each of the remote terminals through multiple cables, each of which is terminated at the bus controller and at each remote terminal.

1553 has two distinct types of data transfers, known as command/response or broadcast/response. In command/response mode, the bus controller will send a command to one or more remote terminals and wait for a response before moving on to the next command; while in broadcast/response mode, the bus controller can send a single command to all of the remote terminals simultaneously and wait for a response from each terminal.

The 1553 bus is a differential TTL signal with a maximum data rate of 10 MHz, allowing it to transmit more than 2 Mb/sec of data. Data integrity is maintained by using a 32-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) to ensure data accuracy. Data security is also provided by an optional scrambling code. 1553 can support up to 62 terminals, depending on the bus length and data rate used.

The 1553 data bus can be used for a variety of applications, ranging from aircraft navigation and control to avionics systems. It is the data bus of choice for many avionics configurations, such as flight control, display information, surveillance, communications and navigation. There are also a range of other applications for 1553, such as instrumentation, data logging, engine control, maintenance monitoring, and fault protection.

The working principle of 1553 revolves around bus controller and remote terminal interaction. The bus controller sends out a command or broadcast to the remote terminals, which then responds with whatever information is being requested. The response is then checked using the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) for accuracy and validity of the data, and if the data is found to be valid, the bus controller will acknowledge the response. If the data is found to be invalid, the Bus Controller will issue another command or broadcast so that the remote terminal can repeat its response.

1553 is a highly reliable and robust form of communication protocol and is increasingly being used in a wide range of civilian and military aerospace applications, as well as for ground-based military vehicles and ships. The data bus is capable of transmitting more than 2 Mb/sec of data while maintaining data integrity through the use of a 32-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC). Its range of applications is ever-expanding, making it the data bus of choice for many aerospace and ground-based applications.

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