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Fixed inductors are two-terminal electrical components typically consisting of a coil of wire wrapped around an iron or ferrite core. Most inductors are passive components intended for use in electronic circuits, although active inductors exist, such as the common emitter transistor. Fixed inductors are widely used in various electronic circuits, ranging from communication systems to consumer electronics.

Inductors are usually characterized by their inductance, an inherent property which is measured in units of henries (H). The inductance of an inductor is dependent on its construction, typically in the form of the number of turns of wire in its coil and the core material used. Increasing the number of turns in the core increases the inductance, as does increasing the permeability of the core material.

Most inductors are designed as single-layer coils or as a solenoid. A single-layer inductor consists of a single loop of wire wrapped around core material, while a solenoid consists of several wires wound together in helical fashion. In either case, the inductor acts as a magnet, creating a magnetic field when a current flows through it. This magnetic field serves to oppose the change in current through the inductor, resulting in a waveform with a characteristic curved shape.

The working principle of fixed inductors is relatively simple. When a current flows through the inductor, it experiences an opposing force due to the magnetic field it creates. This opposing force is known as inductive reactance, and is measured in ohms. The larger the reactance, the larger the opposing force and the higher the inductance. As a result, the inductance of a fixed inductor is directly proportional to the amount of current flowing through it.

In most applications, fixed inductors are used in conjunction with other components, such as capacitors and resistors, to create common electronic circuits. The most common use of a fixed inductor is in an LC or RLC circuit, which is a combination of an inductor, capacitor, and resistor. In an RLC circuit, the inductor\'s reactance is combined with the capacitors\' capacitive reactance to produce a resonant frequency which can be used to filter signals or produce oscillations. The inductor\'s reactance also helps to control current in the circuit, serving to curtail any sudden increases in current.

Fixed inductors are typically rated in either millihenries (mH) or in microhenries (μH). A microhenry is equal to one millionth of a henry and is generally used to measure the inductance of high-frequency inductors. On the other hand, a millihenry is equal to one thousandth of a henry and is generally used to measure the inductance of low-frequency inductors. Furthermore, inductors may also be rated in terms of their maximum current or their maximum voltage.

Fixed inductors are widely used in a variety of applications, such as power supplies, motor controls, radiating elements, and even measuring equipment. In power supplies, they are used to control the flow of current and prevent it from exceeding safe levels, thereby protecting the device from damage. In motor controls, inductors are used to limit the amount of current flowing through the motor, which increases the efficiency of the motor. In radiating elements, inductors are used to create the desired antenna pattern. Finally, in measuring equipment, inductors are used to measure the inductance of a component being tested.

In summary, fixed inductors are two-terminal electrical components typically consisting of a coil of wire wrapped around an iron or ferrite core. Most inductors are passive components intended for use in electronic circuits, although active inductors exist, such as the common emitter transistor. The working principle of fixed inductors is relatively simple, in that when a current flows through the inductor, it experiences an opposing force due to the magnetic field it creates. Fixed inductors are typically rated in millihenries or microhenries, with a microhenry being equal to one millionth of a henry and a millihenry being equal to one thousandth of a henry. Fixed inductors are widely used in a variety of applications, such as power supplies, motor controls, radiating elements, and measuring equipment.

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