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Fixed Inductors

A fixed inductor is a component used in electrical and electronic systems for storing energy in the form of a magnetic field. It is composed of a wire or core of ferromagnetic material that when given an electrical current produces a magnetic field around it, creating an inductance. Often times, this inductance can be tuned or adjusted by adding or removing a magnetic core or surrounding material. Fixed inductors are used in a wide variety of applications including power supplies, audio, video, RF (radio frequency), communication systems and automotive electronics.

The most common application of fixed inductors is in power supplies, particularly switched mode power supplies. A switched mode power supply (SMPS) is a power supply where the output voltage is switched in order to regulate the load voltage. Fixed inductors are used in the SMPS to store energy during the switching operation. The inductor helps to maintain the output voltage by providing the necessary current necessary during the high frequency switching. Without the inductor, the switching operation would cause disturbances in the output voltage. Additionally, higher frequency switching operations are often necessary and the inductor helps provide the necessary current.

In the audio/video domain, fixed inductors are also used to filter electrical signals in order to reduce noise or hum. Hum is caused by electric fields or noise from nearby power sources. A fixed inductor can act as a filter by blocking the unwanted frequencies from getting through, while letting the desired frequencies pass through. This helps to reduce noise and improve the quality of the audio or video signal.

In RF (radio frequency) applications, fixed inductors are used to match the impedance of a signal path. Impedance matching is critical for effective RF operation. Fixed inductors are used to tune the signal path’s impedance to make sure the impedance is optimal for the given application. This helps to reduce signal loss and ensure efficient transfer of energy.

Fixed inductors are also used in automotive electronics, as they are ideal for applications where vibration or movement occur. Because fixed inductors are wound and often contain a magnetic core, they are resistant to vibration or movement that can affect other passive components. This makes them ideal for use in automotive applications, where they can provide reliable operation in potentially hostile environments.

The working principle of a fixed inductor is fairly simple. When an electrical current is passed through, it creates a magnetic field which stores the electrical energy as a magnetic field. This field then induces a voltage according to Faraday’s Law which is proportional to the rate of change of the current. This induced voltage is known as the back electromotive force (BEMF) and is a common phenomenon in inductors, motors, transformers and other electrical devices.

The amount of stored energy is proportional to the value of the inductance, which is expressed in units of Henry (H). The higher the inductance, the higher the energy stored and the higher the BEMF. Inductance is also affected by other factors such as inductor size, core material and frequency, but these are much lesser factors than the value of the inductance itself.

Fixed inductors are very versatile components that are widely used in many different types of electrical and electronic circuits. Their ability to store energy and provide efficient current makes them ideal for regulating power, filtering signals, impedance matching and providing reliable operation in harsh environments.

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