2018-09-SMH-RPLF

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Gas discharge tubes (GDT) arresters are components used to protect electronic and communication equipment from voltage transients. The goal of a GDT arrester is to safely and quickly discharge any energy from a transient voltage event keeping it within safe voltage limits. Transient voltage events can come from various sources such as lightning strikes, motor starts, contact switching, and improper transmission line connections. Without adequate protection, the energy produced by these events can cause equipment damages ranging from surface scorching to large arcing events.

A GDT arrester typically consists of two components: the gas-filled discharge tube and a series resistor along with other components such as fuse elements or inductors. Upon the occurrence of a transient event, the gas-filled tube triggers to safely and quickly divert the energy to the ground. The series resistor’s purpose is to limit the current to a safe level to the gas-filled tube. The gas-filled tube then discharges the electricity at a safe level where it is dissipated in the ground.

The gas-filled tube is a key component of the GDT arrester. Typical gas-filled designs consist of a conducting element, such as aluminum, surrounded by an insulating material, such as glass, which is then filled with a noble gas. The noble gas was specifically chosen for its ability to easily ionize and quickly restore its non-conductive state. During normal operating levels, the noble gas is not ionized and the conducting element remains insulated. When a transient event occurs and the voltage rises above a certain level, the noble gas ionizes allowing a current to flow through the tube.

As the ionized gas passes through the conducting element it absorbs energy, and the temperature increases which forces some of the gas molecules out of the discharge tube. This deprives the tube of the ionized gas necessary to allow a current to flow, effectively extinguishing the arc. The noble gas then quickly restores itself to the non-conductive state as the temperature cools, thus ending the discharge cycle.

In order to provide the correct level of protection, the GDT arrester must be properly selected for the application. The GDT must be chosen to protect equipment from the voltage transients which are expected as a result of the operating environment. This includes regularly occurring transients such as lightning strikes or contact switching, as well as any others which may occur such as motor starts or improper connections. The GDT must also be chosen to accommodate the power levels involved, as well as take into account the thermal and environmental stress which may affect its performance.

GDT arresters have become an increasingly popular choice in the world of electrical safety for several reasons. Their two-component design helps provide reliable protection while reducing costs. They have also become increasingly easy to integrate into electronic circuits with the use of modern encapsulation techniques. GDT arresters are relatively small and lightweight components which require little maintenance, making them ideal choices for remote applications.

The goal of GDT arresters is to protect equipment by providing a safe and efficient means of containing and dissipating voltage transients. With proper selection, installation, and maintenance, GDT arresters can provide excellent protection from transient voltage events when lightning strikes, motors start, or contact switching activities occur.

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