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Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) Arresters are specialized electrical components that protect sensitive electronic components from power surges, lightning strikes, and other transient voltage effects. GDT Arresters are designed to quickly and reliably switch off any excess power that might be present on a protected circuit in order to prevent damage to components. Typically, these arresters consist of a spark gap and a variety of capacitor banks connected in series.

GDT Arresters are commonly used in industrial, aerospace, and military applications where high levels of power surges are common. GDT arresters can also be found in consumer electronics, including surge protectors and other circuit protection devices.

The GDT Arrester utilizes a spark gap between two or more capacitor banks. The spark gap acts as an open circuit when the input voltage is below a certain threshold. When the input voltage exceeds the threshold voltage, the spark gap shorts out, forming a conductive path. By doing this, the excess power that would otherwise damage the associated components is quickly removed from the system.

Modern GDT Arresters use three separation mechanisms to protect the protected device or circuit: zener breakdown, avalanche breakdown and photo breakdown. Zener breakdown is the most common type of breakdown employed in GDT Arresters. In this mechanism, the spark gap is placed between junction points of two or more zener diodes. The zener diodes are designed to conduct at a pre-specified voltage. When the voltage across the zener diodes reaches the breakdown level, a spark is produced, which is used to short out the the spark gap.

Avalanche breakdown is another type of breakdown mechanism used in some GDT Arresters. This is a more efficient type of breakdown mechanism than zener breakdown because it increases the conductivity of the spark gap while also allowing for higher levels of voltage across the spark gap. In avalanche breakdown, the avalanche effect is used to produce a sparkling arc between the spark gap junction points. Avalanche breakdown is also more reliable than zener breakdown, as it is less likely to be affected by the environment in which it is placed.

Photo breakdown is another commonly employed breakdown mechanism in GDT Arresters. This mechanism takes advantage of the properties of light to trigger a spark gap. In this mechanism, a light source, usually a xenon lamp, is placed between the spark gap junction points. When the light source is triggered, a spark is generated, which is used to create a conductive path.

GDT Arresters are used to protect devices and circuits from high levels of power surges. They are designed to quickly and reliably remove excess power without causing any damage to the associated components. They operate by utilizing one of a variety of breakdown mechanisms to trigger a spark gap, which is used to short out the excess power.

GDT Arresters are used in a variety of applications, including industrial, aerospace, and military. They are also commonly found in consumer electronics, such as surge protectors and other circuit protection devices. These arresters can be used to protect sensitive electronic components from power surges, lightning strikes, and other transient voltage effects.

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