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Gas Discharge Tube Arresters (GDT)

Gas Discharge Tube Arresters (GDT) are an important type of surge protective device used in electrical and electronic power systems or equipment. GDTs provide protection from the damaging effects of lightning surges and other transient over-voltages by limiting the amplitude of the voltage which can reach the delicate components of the equipment.

GDTs work in a very simple way. When a voltage exceeding its breakdown voltage is applied to the gap between the electrodes, the air between the electrodes rapidly breaks down and a large arc is generated between the electrodes. The air arc is then snuffed up by the release of inert gases like nitrogen and argon which act as a damping medium to reduce the arc voltage and dissipate the energy of the arc.

GDTs are commonly used in the protection of power transformers, power distribution lines, communication systems, and control systems in many industrial and residential applications. They can be used to protect against lightning strikes, power surges, transients, and other electrical noise sources. The advantages of GDTs are their low cost, simple structure and easy installation. Furthermore, their maintenance- and replacement free operation make them a reliable and cost-effective solution for many industries.

GDTs are typically constructed of two electrodes, one at either end of a gas-filled tube. The electrodes are constructed from a conductive material, often a metal or graphite. An insulation system, such as a dielectric tube, is placed between the electrodes. It is filled with a gas, usually either air or a combination of nitrogen and argon. The electrodes are connected to an external power source which is connected to the circuit or equipment to be protected.

When a voltage in excess of the breakdown voltage is applied to the GDT, the air between the electrodes breaks down and a large arc is generated. This arc is essentially a power exchange between the two electrodes and is regulated by the characteristics of the gas in the tube. The gas acts as a damping medium which absorbs some of the energy of the arc and reduces its voltage. The arc is extinguished when the voltage drops below the breakdown voltage. Thus, the surge of energy is limited to a safe level which can be tolerated by the equipment being protected.

GDTs are generally reliable and cost-effective, but they are not always the most suitable choice for all applications. It is necessary to consider the conditions of the system or equipment to be protected, the expected voltage surges, and the required maximum current ratings of the arrester. Designers and engineers should consider these factors when selecting an appropriate protection solution in order to ensure reliable and cost-effective protection.

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