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Gas Discharge Tube Arresters (GDT) are widely used in electric power protection systems, especially for outside wall lightning protection, and are highly effective in limiting overvoltages. They are also known as surge arresters or spark gaps because they contain two electrodes separated by a gas insulation tube filled with rare and easily ionized gases. The application field and working principle of GDT is explained in this article.

GDT arresters are widely used in electrical power systems, as outside lightning protection, on overhead lines, pipelines, and ground systems. They are typically placed near power lines and other facilities that are known to be likely lightning strike sites. GDT arresters act as a shield to protect the power systems from overvoltage, current surges and lightning strikes. They can be used in both AC and DC systems, and are a safe and cost-effective alternative to other lightning protection devices.

GDT arresters work using the principle of a Faraday Cage. When a powerful electric field of the lightning strikes the gas tube, the gas molecules within it become excited and form a conducting path, allowing the charge to dissipate. The kinetic energy of the arc is then converted into heat energy, which is dissipated into the surrounding medium. This prevents any further current or voltage surges from reaching the power system, thus protecting it.

In order to increase the arc quenching abilities of GDT arresters, they are usually equipped with a spark gap. This prevents an undesired current surge or spark discharge. The spark gap further protects the arrester from excessive currents caused by lightning strikes or surges. When the voltage reaches a certain level, the spark gap allows a controlled current to flow through the arrester, preventing a larger current and damaging surge.

GDT arresters are also designed to limit the discharge current, allowing only a certain amount to flow through the arrester. This helps to ensure that any resulting damage is kept at a minimum. It is also important for GDT arresters to have the appropriate voltage rating for the environment they are installed in. This ensures that they can handle the amount of voltage surge that can occur.

GDT arresters are a reliable and cost-effective way to protect power systems from overvoltage and current surge damages. They can help to prevent outages and other electrical power system damages caused by lightning strikes or surges. With the appropriate design and installation, GDT arresters can provide a valuable solution for protecting power systems.

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