21053-3

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21053-3 is an IEEE mixed-mode network standard, which defines the physical layer of a two-wire, medium-speed Ethernet system over balanced media. It includes requirements for cabling, connector pin assignments, transmission line characteristics, and protocol and performance requirements. The 21053-3 has the advantage of being extremely inexpensive in terms of cabling, and it offers sufficient throughput for many medium-speed Ethernet applications.

21053-3 is used in multi-mode Ethernet networks, such as LANs, and is suitable for those installations in which the cabling distance between two end nodes is less than 100 meters. It supports data rates of up to 100 Mbps, as well as being optimized for low speed operations such as 10 Mbps or 20 Mbps. It is also compatible with other existing protocols, and therefore it can be used in different types of network configurations. In addition, its two-wire configuration makes it very easy to install, as only two wires are required for connecting two end nodes.

The working principle of the 21053-3 is based on the fact that in order to increase transmission speed, the physical layer should be capable of transmitting the signal over a balanced media. This is done using differential signalling, where data bits are encoded as two opposing electrical signals, which are transmitted over the same physical line. These opposing signals cancel each other out, preventing interference and allowing higher data rates to be achieved. In order for this principle to work, the transmitter and receiver must be connected by a balanced pair of cables, in which each side of the pair carries one of the two signals.

The 21053-3 is also responsible for implementing collision detection, which is the mechanism that ensures that two nodes do not attempt to transmit at the same time, thus preventing signal collisions and increasing the overall network throughput. This is done by introducing a short window of time into each of the planned transmission periods, and comparing them against the incoming signals. If a collision is detected, the two nodes will stop transmitting, and the one that had detected the collision first will try again after a random period of time.

The 21053-3 also defines the characteristics of the cables used in the network, such as the maximum length of the cables and the type of connectors used. This is necessary in order to ensure that the connection is as secure and reliable as possible, while meeting the requirements of the protocol.

In conclusion, the 21053-3 is an important mixed-mode Ethernet standard, defining the physical layer of a two-wire, medium-speed Ethernet system. Its working principle is based on the transmission of differential signals over a balanced media, and it is responsible for implementing collision detection in order to improve network throughput. Furthermore, it also defines the characteristics of the cables used in the network.

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