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RF/EMI shielding and absorbing materials are materials used to reduce or block the effect of interference from outside sources, such as radiofrequency (RF) or electromagnetic interference (EMI). RF and EMI shielding materials are typically electrical conductors that absorb RF and EMI energy or create a conductive barrier that is a physical impediment to the energy.

The most commonly used RF/EMI shielding materials are fabric-based and metal-based products. Metallic shielding materials include copper, aluminum, brass, and stainless steel. Fabric-based shielding materials include a knit, woven, or laminate of metal, carbon/graphite, or polyester. Some combination designs are also available, such as fabric-over-foam, or woven over foam.

Fabric-based RF/EMI shielding materials can be constructed in various ways, depending upon the requirements of the application. These materials are often laminated and may be impregnated, coated, foamed, felted, or treated with conductive polymers. Some fabric-based materials are woven with wire, fibers, or threads that are either pure metals or alloys, or metal-coated fibers, and may be plain, fancy, or pleated constructions. These materials are used in gaskets, baffles, straps, grids, filters, wraps, clothing, curtains, and panels.

Metallic shielding materials are available in a variety of sizes, shapes, and forms, including sheets, foils, conductive foams, braids and tapes. These materials are highly conductive and can be used in a variety of RF/EMI applications, including gaskets, perforated sheets, boxes, grids, wraps and laminates.

The application of RF/EMI shielding materials is generally dictated by the frequency range and level of shielding required. The use of metallic shielding materials are typically found for shielding at higher frequencies, while fabric-based RF/EMI shielding materials are often preferred for low frequency applications. Depending upon the application, the RF/EMI shielding materials may be used alone or in combination with other materials, such as water-based foam, rubber, or plastic.

RF/EMI shielding materials must be chosen with careful attention to the application. The shielding efficiency of a material is dependent upon a number of factors, including its thickness, frequency, geometry, surface finish, and the amount of grounding. The most effective shielding is achieved when the material is securely grounded and the area around it is smooth and plane.

The technology of RF/EMI shielding materials has advanced significantly in recent years, making it easier than ever to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radiofrequency interference (RFI). With the proper selection of materials, the right design, and proper installation, RF/EMI shielding materials can be used to reduce emission and absorption of unwanted signals, improving the performance of the system in which the material is used.

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