2161850-2

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2161850-2 application field and working principle is an international standard for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for Industry and Commerce. It defines a protocol for communication between RFID devices and readers, the physical layer protocols, the logical interface schemas, the system level architectures and the physical layer specifications for communication over electronic channels. This standards document is maintained by the ISO/IEC organisation and is referred to as the 2161850-2 standard.

The 2161850-2 application field is mainly used for asset tracking, inventory management and data collection. The RFID system is comprised of a tag (usually a transponder) which is embedded with a permanent electronic memory that contains unique information about a particular product or person, and a reader (also known as an interrogator) which reads the information from the tag and generally sends it to a computerized system for data capture. 

RFID systems based on 2161850-2 can be passive or active. Passive RFID systems use the field created by the reader to energize and activate the tag, while active systems include an external power source which energizes the tag. Both kinds of RFID systems are used in both indoor and outdoor applications.

The working principle of 2161850-2 RFID systems is based on the electromagnetic coupling between the reader and the tag. The reader sends out an electric radio-frequency signal which is received by the tag, and the tag responds by sending back information stored in its memory. The readers decode the transmitted data and send it to the computer system for processing.

The physical layer protocol specified in the 2161850-2 standard defines the physical layer protocols and the physical link characteristics of the RFID system. This protocol includes the modulation techniques employed to transport the data, the frame format used to represent the data and the operating frequency band in which the device operates. The logical interface schema defines the type of data structure and the application protocol which governs the communication between the reader and the tag.

The system level architecture in the 2161850-2 standard defines the various components and their logical linkages that form an RFID based system. This includes the type of network configuration, the interface standard used to connect the various components such as reader, transceiver, tag and the server, and the security protocols used to authenticate communication.

The physical layer specifications in the 2161850-2 standard specify the requirements for communicating over the wireless medium. It covers several parameters such as frequency, power, bit error rate, antenna gain, range, size of the antenna, polarisation, modulation schemes, and error detection and correction techniques. The standard also defines the various RFID security procedures such as authentication using a digital signature and encrypted data.

In conclusion, 2161850-2 application field and working principle is an international standard which defines the communication protocols, physical layer protocols, logical interface schemas, system level architectures and physical layer specifications for RFID based systems. It is used for asset tracking, inventory management and data collection, and is a key component of the physical layer specifications for wireless communication. The standard is widely accepted and is used in various industries for asset tracking and data collection.

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