2217623-1

2217623-1, otherwise known as metal oxide varistor (MOV), is a device used to protect against transient overvoltage surges by providing a low impedance ans absorption path for the surge current. In addition to its applications in digital and analog circuit protection, it is also commonly used in many industrial applications. In this article, we will discuss the application fields and working principle of this versatile device.

Application Field

MOVs are widely used in a variety of applications such as AC powerline protection, DC power line protection, power supply noise filter, motor drive protection and lightning protection. MOVs are highly resilient and withstand current and voltage surges as high as thousands of volts and currents as high as 200A. As such, they are ideal for use in industrial applications where transient voltage surges may occur. MOVs are also used in consumer applications such as PCs and audio/video equipment as well as in automotive applications. In automobiles, MOVs are used for vehicle-level surge and lightning protection. In addition to its practical applications, MOVs are also used in educational and research projects. Such projects explore the phenomena of overvoltage protection and the use of MOVs as a measure of protection.

Working Principle

MOVs work on a simple principle. When a voltage or current surge occurs, the MOV terminates the surge and dissipates the energy as heat to protect the circuit. The MOV is composed of the following components: a metal oxide element, a resistor, and a capacitor.The metal oxide element serves as the active component in the surge arrestor. It is composed of sintered particles of metal oxide which become conductive when subjected to an external electric field or voltage. As the voltage increases, the internal resistance of the MOV decreases and the current increases. When the voltage exceeds the rated value, the metal oxide element absorbs the surge current and voltage, thus dissipating the energy. The resistor and capacitor act as a soft start and current limiting agent and provide a degree of protection to the MOV by limiting the current flow. The resistor limits the surge current to safe levels, and the capacitor smoothens the incoming voltage to prevent excessive current flow. The response time of the MOV also depends on the capacitance of the MOV. The higher the capacitance, the faster the time response. This is important in applications where the response time of the MOV is critical.

Conclusion

To conclude, MOVs are widely used in a range of applications due to their robust surge protection capabilities and wide operating range. They are composed of three components: a metal oxide element, a resistor, and a capacitor, and their working principle is based on the voltage-current response of the metal oxide element. MOVs are ideal for applications where surge protection is essential, and they are used in industrial applications, consumer electronics, and automotive applications, as well as in educational and research projects.

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